1849.] valley of Asam and its mountain confines. 201 



The Imperative Mood. As in English, the only instance in which 

 this mood really exists is in the second person. In commanding and 

 entreating it is obvious, that we address only the second person, the 

 first, and the third persons of the verb in this mood, being formed by 

 an address to the second ; hence the simple verb is used in the second 

 person, and another verb signifying let, permit, &c. is introduced in 

 the first and third persons. This double mode of forming the impera- 

 tive is found in the Bhotia also. Exam. Do, go, Jye, do. Ngah, laugh, 

 &c. 



In the first and third persons, the verb Zi, to permit, is introduced ; 

 thus, D6-zi, let me, or let him go. Jye-zi, let me, or let him do. Ngah- 

 zi, let him laugh. 



The Potential Mood, which both in English and Latin, includes a 

 great variety of ideas, may in Bhotia be expressed by words signifying 

 power or capacity, duty or obligation, doubt or uncertainty. 



In the structure of sentences, nouns in general precede their attri- 

 butes, and the verbs stand at the end of the sentence, having their 

 qualifying adverbs placed immediately before them. 



A few of the Bhotia particles, in common use, are here subjoined. 



Adverbs. 

 Nam. When ? Dang. Yesterday. 



Gang-tshe and Gang-du. At what time. Sang. To-morrow. 

 Di-du. At this time. Nang-mo-la. In the morning, 



De-tshe. At that time. Nu-mo-la. In the evening, 



Nam-yang. Never. Rim-gyi. Gradually. 



Deng, or Ding, or Deng-tshe. Now. Ring-par. Speedily. 

 Da-Dala. This instant. Gu-le. Slowly. 



De-ring. To-day. Kha-rog-de. Silently. 



Conjunctions. 

 Dang. And. 



Chyang, Yang. Also, although, notwithstanding. 

 Yang-na. Or, else. 

 Uente. If. 



Interrogative signs, expressive of doubt, may be formed of any word, 

 by reduplicating its final letter and adding m to it ; as in, Ngaam Kho a 

 whether I or he. 



The Prepositions of occidental languages, are rendered in Bhotia 



2 d 2 



