1849.] valley of As am and its mountain confines. 327 



The demonstrative pronouns are, Ara this ; and Ira, that, with their 

 plurals A'rahe, these, and 1'rahe, those. They precede the nouns they 

 serve to point out. 



I'ra khat-pa ilamang, I want that cloth. Ara-pa jo-ko, drink this 

 water. 



The interrogative pronouns are Hana or Hanma, who ? and which ? 

 and Chenna, tvhat ? 



Of Verbs. 



The Namsangiya verb appears to be the most interesting part of its 

 grammar. It has but one form of conjugation, and the various modifi- 

 cations of an action are expressed by the addition of terminations to 

 the verb expressing the action. The terminations are the same in both 

 the singular and the plural numbers. 



Thien, to put. 

 Indicative Mood. Present tense. 



1. Thien-ang, I put. 2. Thien-6, thou puttest. 3. Thien-a, or e, 

 he puts. 



Past tense. 1. Thien-tak, I did put. 2. Thien- to, thou didst put. 

 3. Thien-ta, he did put. 



Perfect tense. 1. La-thien-tak, I have put. 2. La-thien-to, thou 

 hast put. 3. La-thien-ta, he has put. 



Future tense. 1. I-thien-ang, 2. I-thien-6, 3. I-thien-a, or e. Gerund. 

 Thien-rang. Participle continuative. Thien-lima, or lama. 



The Imperative form is the same as that of the 2nd person Present 

 tense. 



When it is necessary to give a conditional or subjunctive force to the 

 verb, the particle ; ko is affixed to the verb in its various forms. 



Thienang oko, if I put. Thiend oko, if thou put. Thiena oko, if he 

 put y &c. &c. 



The potential form, used to express power or ability, is denoted by 

 the use of the verb Ta, to be able, as an auxiliary. 

 Ta thienang, I can put. 



In conjunction with this form of the verb, we find a peculiar use 

 made of the possessive, instead of the personal pronoun. Thus instead 

 of saying Nga ta-thienang, I can put. Nang ta-thieno, thou canst put, 

 we find the conventional form to be, 



2 u 



