1849.] valley of As am and its mountain confines. 331 



ferences of termination. The Genitive case is denoted merely by the 

 juxta-position of the two substantives ; the former being understood to 

 be in the genitive case. 



Oi ati, a bird's nest. Jalong anuk, a buffaloe's horn. 



The Accusative is the same as the nominative, and is distinguished 

 only by its position in the sentence. 



The other relations of nouns are marked by the use of post-positive 

 particles. 



Yok, or Ayok is most commonly used to mark the person receiving, 

 or as the Dative particle. 



12 3 3 12 



Ne mu ayok taramo, i" have called my brother. 



I 2 3 3 2 1 



Arweng ne yok pi, Give me a feather. 



The Ablative is expressed by the particle Para, or Rem-para ; and 

 the other cases are denoted by corresponding significant particles as in 

 English. 



Gender, in individuals of the human family, is marked by the use of 

 distinct terms. 



Penso, man. Apinghan, husband. Apo, father. Ate, brother. I'mii, 

 ditto. 



Arlosso, woman. Apiso, wife. Aio, mother. Bai, sister. Ingjil, ditto. 



In the case of the inferior animals, the appellatives Alo, male, and 

 Ape, female, are added to the noun. 



Ingnar, an elephant, Mas. Ingnaralo, Fern. Ingnarape. 



Musung, a deer, Masc. Musungalo, Fern. Musungape. 



Kipi, a monkey, Masc. Kipialo, Fern. Kipiape. 



Nouns derived from verbs, usually have the particle, " po" affixed to 

 the original form of the verb. Thus, from Kichihang, to beg, we have 

 Kichihangpo, a beggar. 



Of Adjectives. 



Adjectives do not alter their terminations to express either number, 

 case or gender. They always follow the nouns they qualify. 



Alang kangsam, cold ivater, Lek aklak, ivhite beads. Aso kangtuk, 

 a fat boy. 



Grades of quality are denoted by the particles Si and Sat subjoined, 

 or by such words as Arlo, and Jatsi, put before the adjective. Compari- 

 son, whether expressed by distinct words, or incrementory particles, is 

 unknown to the language. 



