390 Journal of a trip through the [April, 



bottom with a dense forest impervious to the sun's rays. Through 

 this we descended many hundred feet over beds of frozen snow, and al- 

 though the great exertion of ascending had caused us to perspire freely, 

 the instant we commenced the descent on the other side all perspira- 

 tion was checked, and it was as much as we could do to keep ourselves 

 warm. The path the whole way continually crossed and recrossed the 

 bed of a torrent, until we halted at Bajoura, in the valley of the Beas in 

 Kulu, from which river we were then scarcely half a mile. At that 

 place is a large Serai-like enclosure divided into two unequal parallelo- 

 grams, and called a fort. At each corner is a quadrangular tower divi- 

 ded into four stories, and surmounted with a Chinese sort of slated roof. 

 The Himalaya between the Ravee and Sutlej rivers and the Chumba 

 range usually presents towards the plains abruptly steep fronts and 

 comparatively gradual slopes, in the opposite direction from the strata 

 dipping in general to the north-east, and as this is frequently repeated, 

 we have a succession of ascents and sloping sides, with a deep and often 

 wide valley intervening between the successive ranges, and thus in 

 travelling across this tract we have a succession of ridges and valleys 

 to pass over, and, in proportion to the elevation to experience changes 

 of climate, and to witness a repetition of geological structure and of 

 animal and vegetable forms which are dependant on this and on the 

 climate. 



Thus far the physical features of this district accord with those of 

 that portion of the Himalaya which lies between the Sutlej and Kalee 

 rivers, and then the similarity ceases, for in the latter a deep and nar- 

 row ravine generally intervenes between two successive ridges, in which 

 usually runs a small river flowing either towards the Ganges or into the 

 Jumna, or their feeders, or into those of the Sutlej or Kalee, but the 

 drainage of these great rivers is every where separated by transverse 

 ridges which connect the parallel ones, having their points of junction 

 often projected into peaks.* By proceeding along these spurs one may 

 penetrate far into the interior without having occasion to descend into 

 the ravines, a plan which cannot be adopted in the Kangra district. 



41. A march of six miles along a good and level road on the right 



* Vide " Report of the Mineralogical Survey of the Himalaya mountains lying 

 between the rivers Sutlej and Kalee," by Capt, Herbert. Jour. As. Soc. 1842, also 

 Dr. Royle'6 " Flora of the Himalaya mountains." 



