434 Notes, chiefly Botanical, made during an [May, 



Hodgson's grounds on Jillapahar, 7500 ft.,) Helwingia* and brambles 

 are the prevalent shrubs. Ferns are not fully expanded yet, and the 

 tree ferns upper limit is passed. This is the region of pendulous mosses, 

 lichens, and many herbaceous plants ; of which latter, except Arums, 

 few had yet appeared above ground. 



The pendulous mosses are chiefly species of Hypnum, NerJcena, &c. 

 the Lichens, Borrera and TJsnea. Of Arums, a Speciosum parti- 

 cularly effects this level, with some green spotted compound leaved 

 kinds, and the small Remusatia (vivipara) on the rocks and trunks of 

 trees. Neither Pothus (Scindapsus) officinalis, decursiva,f nor Scan- 

 dens are found higher up the mountain ; Arum curvatum, Roxb., and 

 several species of Ariscema are very frequent. Calla, Colocaria and 

 Lasia are confined to lower levels. 



Peppers reach this elevation, but no higher, whilst very prevalent 

 shrubs are Adamia cyanea, Pittoporum ; Eurya and Camellia in drier 

 places. Hypericum japonicum ? Some species of Vitis ascend thus far, 

 and several Cucurbit acece, Zanthoxylon and Sapindacece. Still ascending 

 along very slippery paths, a considerable change is found in the vegetation 

 of the following thousand feet, from 8000 to 9000. In the forest trees, 

 by two gigantic species of Magnolia, replacing the Michelias, and just 

 past flowering. The Quercus annulata is less abundant. Chesnut 

 disappears, with several Lauri ; other kinds of Maple are seen, and the 

 Rhododendron arboreum is replaced by a much larger species, with 

 capitula of very large white flowers and magnificent foliage, 16 inches 

 long. CornecB, Viburnum, and Lonicera are frequent, with two or three 

 Hydrangeas ; many Laurince and some new oaks. 



Helwingia is still more abundant as a bush, with climbing and 

 shrubby Smilacinece, epiphytical and other Vaccinia and Qualtherice 

 Stauntonia forms a handsome climber, with beautiful pendent clusters 

 of lilac blossoms. The Arabacece are chiefly scandent species, and 



* A new species of this most remarkable genus, which I propose naming after M. 

 Decaisne, the able describer of the natural order, which hitherto included but one 

 species, a native of Japan. The natural order, whose place in the vegetable king- 

 dom has been considered doubtful, I regard as next to Araliacea. 



t The juice of this is used by Lepchas and Botheas for fixing the poison of Aco" 

 nilum, and other plants, on to their arrow-heads. It is said to increase the effect 

 of the poison. 



