1849.] Notes on the Geography of Western Afghanistan. 559 



had clearly the same name. I am inclined to assume that Capis and 

 Kabul are intended to represent the same word. 



Another of these four provinces is Arachosia, with a capital and 

 river of the same name ; which last some considered to be the river 

 indicated by the term Cophen. The town was built by Semiramide. 



The river Erymanthus flowed past Parabesten of the Arachotii.* 



To the South of the Arachotii was the third Province of Gedrosia ; 

 probably round the modern Kedje. To the north was the fourth of 

 the Parapamisadse. In this last district, there is mention made of 

 a city called Cart ana, under the mount Caucasus ; afterwards called 

 Tetragonis. Also of Alexandria in Bactria, and of another city of 

 this name under Caucasus. Tribes are called Syndraci, Dangalae, 

 Parapiani, Cantaces, Maci. 



Cartana has a trace of reference to the Ghor of Ghorbund, and 

 Charikar may have relation to Tetragonis ; Parapiani has been consi- 

 dered to exhibit a vestige of Hupian, north of Estalif. 



If the Par, Por, Boor may be thus relinquished, I would propose 

 Bamean as a type of Pamisus or Bamis ; we might almost fancy the range 

 of Para Khoaltrus being but Kohulturusuh or Mount Taurus ! so Para 

 Pamisus ; and assuredly in Arabic or Persian c>U*b and n)^ K k would 

 be hardly distinguishable. 



Huree, Aria ; Eeran, Ariana, are often confounded together ; in re- 

 gard of the former Pliny mentions ; cities Artacoana and Alexandria on 

 the Arius ; the river being clearly the Huree rood, also Artacabane 

 restored by Antiochus. 



A people are called Dorisci. 



One river is named Pharnacotis, and a second Ophradus, probably 

 the Furah rood ; Prophthasia is given as a city of Zurung, hence of 

 Seestan. 



"With respect to the ranges of mountains, Caucasus, Koh-Kosh 

 is used as a term for the whole ; Paropanisus or Paropamisus, for those 

 towering above Kundahar and Guznee. The Emodus constitutes the 



* This is clearly the modern Best, the prefix Para may be a misreading, or may 

 be but the word Poor or Boor, used for city, as the " town of Best." It might be 

 well known that there was both a capital and a river in the district of Arachotia, 

 although their proper names were unrecorded. Arabian authors all attribute the 

 foundation of Kundahar to a queen of Arabia, perhaps Assyria, called Bulkees. 



