1849.] The Turaee and Outer Mountains of Kumaoon. 615 



of Danpoor Pergunna, in the north of Kumaoon, enumerate no less than 

 eight kinds of Ningala, or Ringal, as it is pronounced in Gurhwal, viz., 

 1. Tham ; 2. Utham ; 3. Kutino ; 4. Malingo ; 5. Jhoomro or Jhoongra ; 

 6. Deo Ningala ; 7. Gor Ningala ; 8. Doom Ningala. The last is pro- 

 bably the common, or Kalee Ningala, found abundantly on the Gagur 

 range, and, like the Jhoomro, in much request for pens. My friend 

 Dr. Falconer refers it to a new genus, Thamnocalamus. No. 1, is said 

 to be the largest of the whole, and is sent down to the plains for 

 hookkah pipes ; but I have never noticed it, or any but the last three. 

 No. 6, is the Arundinaria utilissima of Mr. Edgeworth, and occurs 

 in great abundance near the snowy range : making excellent mats, 

 baskets, fishing-rods, &c. No. 7, I met with all along the Undretee 

 river below Rol in Busehur, (there called Got) with thin culms 18 feet 

 high, in dense clumps of a hundred or more to each. 



The tree entered at p. 372, Gyrandra laurina is that which Dr. 

 Royle alludes to, p. 261, under Ilicinse. It rather belongs to Flaeour- 

 tiacese, Mr. Edgeworth informs me, as well as that the name Gyran- 

 dra has been previously appropriated to one of the Gentianse. 



To the lake plants enumerated at p. 358 are to be added — 



Myriophyllum tuberculatum. 



Potamogeton crispum, pectinatum, parfoliatum. 



These and the other Himalayan species of this genus are all identical, 

 Mr. Edgeworth informs me, with those of Europe ; the presence, there- 

 fore, of Polygonum amphibium in Nynee Tal, becomes less anomalous ; 

 and considering the number of aquatic birds which frequent the lake, 

 Gmelin's theory of diffusion by their agency does not seem an unlikely 

 solution of the problem as to how these plants came here. 



The following memorandum by Lieutenant Strachey, which reached 

 me too late for insertion in the original paper, may be best introduced 

 here ; the elevation of localities at Nynee Tal being those chiefly affected. 



" The heights of places in Kumaoon, given on my authority in 

 Major Madden' s paper on * The Turaee and Outer Mountains of 

 Kumaoon,' are to be considered as mere approximations to the truth. 

 Those at Nynee Tal and its immediate vicinity, are, I think, generally 

 200 feet too little. They were calculated on the assumption that the 

 water of the lake was 6200 feet above Calcutta, whereas there is every 

 reason to suppose that the true elevation is nearly 6400 feet." 



