1850.] in Southern and Central India. 195 



seen. The neighbouring hills contain abundance of granite inter- 

 mixed with hornblende, which I saw in a large piece near the tank. 



Wednesday, 25th November, 1818. — We passed a tank built of the 

 iron clay, which was however, entirely grass grown, as well as its banks, 

 and surrounded by ancient granite statues of Siva, having a most 

 romantic appearance, from its evidently great antiquity, and its remote- 

 ness from any habitation or temples. The soil and appearance of the 

 country differs greatly from that on the other side of the Pennar, being 

 very silicious. The Mango topes are in great abundance, and a greater 

 extent of land is in cultivation. 



Friday, 27th November, 1818. — Quitted Mawildroog for Ramahpa- 

 tam, the sandy soil and shells betoken our near approach to the sea. 



Saturday, 28th November, 1818. — On the hill is a temple in ruins, 

 dedicated to the worship of Jagannath, built of iron clay and primitive 

 greenstone ; some images and inscriptions on the latter are very little 

 defaced. A name of Vishnu, Balaram his brother, Shabudra his sister. 

 The hill consists of iron clay and is about a mile in circumference, of an 

 oblong form completely insulated. On the hill I found bits of mica 

 slate, and primitive greenstone, with quartz rock and brown ironstone ; 

 but I was told they were all brought from a hill six coss distant. I 

 cannot sufficiently regret my inability to observe the junction of the 

 iron clay with the primitive rocks. The same magnetic ironstone is to 

 be found here as at the red hills ; I ascended the hill thrice during my 

 twelve hours' stay. 



Monday, 30th November, 1818. — The basis of the hill is granite with 

 a considerable proportion of hornblende stratified ; the strata dipping 

 to the south at an angle of 90 and running east and west. On the 

 summit the brown ironstone was pure, but lower down it was intermixed 

 with quartz in considerable quantity. Thermometer 80°. Magnetic iron 

 ore in considerable quantity ; also veins of graphic granite : at the foot 

 I picked up some primitive greenstone but saw none on the hill. I 

 counted about 40 eminences of nearly a conical form in the large plain, 

 about 20 miles in diameter. N. B. The ironstone appeared to be on the 

 granite in an unconformable position. I observed the Nepeta Amboi- 

 nica, seu Indica in great profusion on the summit of the mountain. At 

 the top I saw the sea at a distance of eight miles. The whole country 

 between this place and Ongole appeared to be an alluvial clay mixed 



