228 Remarks on the variation of affined species, [No. 3\ 



Himalaya and elsewhere the different races or species of Kallij Phea- 

 sants inter-breed, and the hybrids so produced again both inter se and 

 with the pure parent races, whence every gradation from one to another 

 may be traced in a series of specimens.* And the same is shewn with 

 Coracias indica of India generally and C. affinis of the countries east- 

 ward, to the extent that in some districts it is difficult to procure 

 either with quite the typical colouring ; but we are not aware that the 

 same happens in Sindh and its vicinity, with regard to C. indica and 

 the equally affined C. garrula, which latter European species is there 

 not uncommon. I know of no other decided intermixture of wild 

 races of birds in India, though I have seen some reason to suspect it 

 in the instance of Treron phcenicoptera and TV. chlorig aster ; and 

 perhaps also Iora typhia and J. zeylanica : as regards the latter at least, 

 we occasionally obtain specimens in Bengal that had imperfectly 

 assumed the black cap and dorsal plumage so constant in the old males 

 of S. India and Ceylon, but I never saw this dress approaching to 

 perfection in a Bengal specimen, and it may be an instance of climatai 

 variation which gradually attains its ultimatum as we proceed south- 

 ward in the Indian peninsula and Ceylon, though not in the correspond- 

 ing and lower latitudes of the Malayan peninsula. There we have a re- 

 markably different colouring in the male I. scapularis, Horsfield, which 

 again is however a darkening of hue, though quite in a different way ; 

 and it remains to observe whether a gradation exists in the latter in- 

 stance as in the former. The three exactly accord in size and structure, 

 as in so many corresponding instances ; but another and much larger 

 lora inhabits the whole eastern side of the Bay of Bengal, the male of 

 which is L Lafresnayeiy Hartlaub, and the female was subsequently 

 named by me I. innotata. 



These remarks have been thrown together preparatory to the draw- 

 hump is only one distinction out of very many, but is nevertheless so characteristic 

 of the animal as to be well exhibited at an early period of foetal life ; and the voice 

 is again very different, and the habits in various particulars, especially in the 

 fact of the European cattle seeking shade and water in hot weather, whereas the 

 humped cattle seem indifferent to the hottest Indiau sun, and never seek water 

 to stand knee and belly deep for hours, as so beautifully pictured of the humpless 

 race by the author of the ' Seasons.' 



* This is well shewn in the Society's Museum. Vide /. A. S, XVIII., 817. 



