1850-] in Southern and Central India. 273 



Sunday, 20th March, 1819. — I bathed twice and collected on the 

 bank of the river a large quantity of the iron sand, which I suppose to 

 contain iron ore, very little of it being taken up by the magnet. I also 

 found very fine clay. I took a ride in the evening and a sketch of the 

 hills near Beder. 



Monday, 2lst March, 1819. — I took a more accurate survey of the 

 banks of the Manjera in the neighbourhood of Chillerjee. The confu- 

 sion or mixture of the two rocks is much greater than I at first ima- 

 gined. I noticed close to the present level of the river, a rock of 

 compact basalt which at the distance of three or four feet becomes 

 wacke, passing into the admixture of carbonate of lime and lumps 

 of wacke, and that again into the porous limestone containing clay, 

 and green earth, presenting externally large cavities out of which 

 those substances have been washed ; above the limestone is a brownish 

 wacke on which the town is built ; the height of the whole is about 40 

 or 50 feet : the banks below and above were composed of the black 

 alluvium, but I was told the limestone was found in considerable 

 quantity both above and below. The height of the river was rather 

 distinctly marked during the rainy season, by the impression it had 

 made on the foundations of a mosque built on its bank. 



Tuesday, 22nd March, 1819. — A short distance from the hill on 

 which Beder stands, the soil gradually changes from black to a reddish 

 tinge from the decomposition of the iron clay of the range of which and 

 on which Beder is built. This is the greatest elevation of the iron clay 

 that I have seen in India, the barometer indicating 2000 feet above the 

 level of the sea. In some places particularly in those excavations near 

 the fort, it resembles very much the iron clay of Nellore containing in 

 its vesicles Lithomarge, and the wells are generally very deep, one 

 measured 40 cubits ; the temperature of the water was 78°. The iron 

 clay contains lithomarge as usual and it approaches a plumb blue colour. 

 I ascended the tower on which the flag was, and could not avoid notic- 

 ing the flatness of the isolated mountains which had before struck me 

 in so many instances. 



Wednesday, 23rd March, 1819. — I noticed greenstone, granite, and 

 basalt in different parts of the building, which was chiefly composed of 

 the iron clay and bricks. 



Friday, 25th March, 1819. — I rode this morning down the hill into 



