1850.] in Southern and Central India. 287 



time strewed with black magnetic ironstone similar to that of the red 

 hills near Madras, and broken pieces of quartz rock. The village of 

 Commerarun is finely situated in a circular plain bounded on all sides 

 by waving hills of clay slate, rising from 200 to 600 or 800 feet above 

 this. 



Friday, 1 7th September, 1819. — I ascended an elevation, at the foot 

 of which our camp was pitched ; I found it to consist of indurated clay 

 slate in vertical strata. Its natural fracture from decomposition was 

 in an oblong thin lamellar piece, with sharp edges ; some which I ob- 

 served at the top was rather porous. 



Saturday, \9th September, 1819. — I started at 4 o'clock, and halted 

 at a village called Mocarra. From Commerarun the rock was principally 

 clay slate, with quartz rock lying on its surface in broken pieces ; the 

 vallies between the hills were very narrow, and the sides of the hills 

 precipitous, with fine cascades of water rushing over the disrupted strata, 

 which generally dipped to the S. E. at various angles. One mountain 

 near my halting place had a tabular form with something like sandstone 

 or quartz rock on the top. In the beds of the nullahs near this I gener- 

 ally observed angular and rounded masses of this rock. 



Anchitipilly, Sunday, 20th September, 1819. — A short time after 

 day-light, having started at 3 o'clock, I observed sandstone in very 

 large masses, little elevated above the surface. The greater part of the 

 road lay through alluvial soil covered with forest trees and a thick 

 jungle. At 2 o'clock I arrived at Paloounchali which has a large 

 square fort built of sandstone with bastions at each angle. The Goda- 

 very is 15 miles distant, due East. 



The country from the clay slate to the Godavery, is sandstone 

 cemented by alumine. It appears in some places to be in a state of 

 rapid decomposition. The range at Paloounchali 1,000 yards from 

 the fort is 600 feet in height? Mr. Burr says 1,200, which I doubt ; 

 5 miles in length and a mile in breadth is composed of the sandstone 

 and it runs due E. and W. Hot spring of Bougah : Mr. Burr says, it is 

 sulphureous ; hills in the neighbourhood very lofty, the Mooee Enoo 

 river of Paloounchali runs into the Godavery. 



The temple of Buddrachellum a remarkable object ; Boorgamalla- 

 padu, in its neighbourhood, is said to contain diamonds, — a hill called 

 the needle hill of Pachapilly, are remarkable peaks on the other side of 



2 p 2 



