1850.] in Southern and Central India. 289 



Bondoll, 1st October, 1819. — The road lay as usual over alluvial 

 soil and clay slate. In the beds of the nullahs both the latter and sand- 

 stone were observed during the last six miles. We passed over a hill 

 consisting solely of sandstone which we saw in very large blocks and 

 rapidly decomposing. 



I examined the sand of a nullah and found it to consist solely of 

 quartz grains, although the stream was very turbid, which I suppose to 

 arise from the aluminous cement of the sandstone. 



Fellapooram, 2nd October, 1819. — We began to cross the N. and 

 S. range of mountains consisting of quartz rock or sandstone and clay 

 slate. The first ghaut we passed consisted of large masses of sandstone 

 decomposing very rapidly. This was intermixed with red and brown 

 ochreous ironstone. At the distance of four miles after passing a 

 small nullah, on our left appeared an abrupt lofty elevation of sand- 

 stone ; the masses presented on their surface and sides indurated veins 

 of a substance composed of grains of quartz and brown ironstone of 

 much greater hardness than the sandstone and therefore projecting 

 from less facility of decomposition. Not far distant from this and 

 in a position which warranted the idea that they had fallen from the 

 precipice lay large masses of puddingstone, composed of white and 

 brown pebbles of quartz with a sandstone matrix. I saw from beneath 

 that the upper part of the rock was composed of this, whilst that 

 underneath it appeared to have few or none in it. This continued for 

 a mile or more, when the iron clay was observed in large distinct masses 

 and mixed with the sandstone, both in veins, lying as it were in the 

 interstices of different blocks, and mixed with it, forming a conglomerate 

 rock. This occupied a very small spate and was succeeded by the 

 sandstone, the beds of all the rivers were composed of quartz sand. 



Warungull, \2th October, 1819. — I observed a considerable number 

 of pieces of jasper lying loose and that the neighbouring elevations were 

 of sandstone. It was dark when I began to ascend the hill ; but having 

 ascended it every day we remained at Yellapooram, my observations 

 are all given together in this place. The sandstone is rarely seen in 

 the plain, being covered with an alluvium, the paths and beds 

 of rivers are all sandy. On commencing the ascent the sandstone 

 presents itself in large unstratified masses, with its surface coloured 

 from decomposition, being nearly black exteriorly and interiorly of a 



