1850.] in Southern and Central India. 293 



E. and which he has named gneiss. Ibrahimpett is on the left bank of 

 the Kistnah, which is about twenty feet in height, composed of the black 

 soil ; the bed is however very sandy and very broad, perhaps two miles. 



Bezwara y December 30£A, 1819. — Our road lay in the bank of the 

 Kistnah, which river suddenly contracts to run through the pass of 

 Bezwara formed by two hills of gneiss that appear to have been 

 separated by force ; according to Dr. Heyne the range is continued to 

 the N. E. I ascended and found his description correct, except that I 

 did not observe the ochre which he spoke of as mixed with the other 

 ingredients composing the rock. In some places the stratification 

 was not all distinct but appeared massive like common granite. Veins 

 of felspar traversed the rock, and in many places I observed black 

 spots on the rock, arising as I suppose from oxydation of the Iron. 



December Z\st 1819. — I crossed the river early to visit the caves 

 near the village of Ungley. They consist of three excavations one 

 over the other ; the roof is supported by pillars of the usual form in 

 Hindoo temples. Around the walls were different relievos very much 

 mouldered. The upper story contained a colossal figure of 25 feet 

 in length, lying on stones in a recumbent posture ; around him on 

 the wall in relief, figures of deities ; and two colossal figures which 

 appeared to protect his slumbers. The whole was excavated out of 

 the gneiss rock, which is very fast decomposing, the decomposition 

 taking place principally in the centre of the pillars. The lower exca- 

 vation leads, it is said, to Mungulghery about three coss distant. In 

 returning down the causeway cut in the face of the rock I observed 

 what appeared to be limestone mixed with the granite, also something 

 bearing the appearance of manganese. The rock consisted of quartz, 

 felspar, mica and jasper in great abundance ; the stratification 

 in the Bezwara hill was very evident from this side, the dip of the 

 strata was to the eastward and the angle about 70 or 80°. The 

 range suddenly takes a turn to the N. E. to the northward of Bezwara 

 forming a portion of segment of a circle. I a second time ascend- 

 ed and reached the summit of this hill. The prospect was command- 

 ing and embraced a field of 30 miles each way ; perhaps much more, as 

 I was told, Onnda was visible on a clear day, distant 40 miles. The 

 range of Chintapilly or Pooly Mintan was very distinct as well as the 

 Guntoor districts near Ardingby. It may be remarked here that the 



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