318 Conspectus of the Ornithology of India. [No. 4. 



15. F, candicans (?),* Gmelin (PL Enl. 446). 



Syn. F. groenlandicus, Brehm, Hancock. 



Shangar, Hind. 

 Hab. Northernmost regions of both continents, visiting the 

 adjacent countries in winter. 



Remark. The Shangar of eastern works on falconry, stated to be 

 " very rarely met with in India, not more than one or two in a century, 

 and then generally in the Panjab," would seem to be this species, 

 which Dr. Schlegel accepts as distinct from F. gyrfalco, and regards 

 as a permanent variety of it, the F. islandicus of Brehm and Hancock. 



16. F. sacer, Schlegel (Gould's B. E. pi. 20; Hardw. III. Ind. 

 Zool.) 



Syn. F. lanarius apud Temminck and Gould. 

 F. cherrug, Gray. 

 Cherrag, H. 

 Hab. Himalaya, very rare ; Tahtary ; E. Europe. 

 Remark. I think there can be little if any doubt that this Himalayan 

 (or rather, it would seem, chiefly Tahtarian,) species is the Sacre Falcon, 

 as determined by Dr. Schlegel.f 



17. F. lanarius (?), Schlegel, nee Lin., nee Temminck (Hardw. III. 

 Ind. Zool., adult; Jerdon's III. Ind. Orn. pi. 44, young). 



Syn. F. abietinus, (?), Bechstein. 

 F.juggur, Gray. 

 F. luggur, Jerdon. 



Juggur Falcon, and probably also Justin Falcon, Latham. 

 Jhaggar, male, Laggar, female, Hind ; Laggadu, 

 Telegu (Jerdon) .% 

 Hab. India generally, common ; and, if the true Lanner Falcon 

 as determined by Dr. Schlegel, also S. E. Europe, and probably there- 

 fore the intervening countries. 



* The Italic capitals indicate that the author has examined no Indian example 

 of the species so distinguished. 



f Buffon's figure of le Sacre (Hist, des Oiseaux, pi. 14,) might pass for that of 

 a young Laggar, only that the latter has no spots on the outer webs of its tail- 

 feathers, and there is a distinct though small moustache. It probably represents a 

 young Cherrag. N. B. The legs of a young Laggar are leaden-blue, those of the 

 adult yellow. 



X The name Lanner may possibly be a corruption of Laggar. 



