1848.] The most ancient Grammar of the Vedas. 13 



I here note down a list of the grammarians to which the Pratica- 

 khyas refer. These names, as well as the whole Indian grammar, 

 have also a historical meaning, for it appears that the dryness of the 

 empirical analysis of language alone was powerful enough to overpower 

 the imagination and to rescue the past from its all-consuming power. As 

 there lies a treasure of historical and geographical knowledge in Panini, 

 we possess in the Praticakhyas the history of the Vedas study, and 

 at the same time the history of one side of Indian development of 

 mind which will always be again recognized as the centre of Indian life 

 which runs through all centuries. 

 \ The first Praticakhya contains the names of the following teachers : — 



1 . Cakalya ; his school Cakalas is also mentioned. According to 

 Nir. VI. 28, the pada pdtha originates from him, and Durgd (ad. 1. c.) 

 calls him pada kara. He is quoted by Panini I. 1, 16; VI. I, 127; 

 VIII. 3, 19, 4, 51, and in Aitareya Aranyaka III, 2, 6. Sayana to 

 Rik. V. 4, 28, calls him Maharshis. Let us also further observe the 

 passage of the Acvalayana Sutras, quoted in my first part. He is one 

 of the speakers in the Vrihad Aranyaka to Vol. III. 9. 



2. Cdkatayana, likewise mentioned by Panini III. 4, 111; VIII. 3, 

 18, 4, 50 ; compare the Gana nadadis. He is also mentioned in Nir. I. 

 3, 12, 13. 



3. Gdryya. Pan. VII. 3, 99 ; VIII. 3, 20, 4, 67. (Gana gargadis) 

 Acvalsu. grh III. 4. Nirukta 1, 3, 12 ; III. 13. Ar. IV. 6. 



4. Mandukeya, mentioned in Aitareya Arany III. 2, 6. Acv. gr, su. 

 III. 4. 



5. Panedla, Bdbhravga Acv. gr. su. III. 4. 



6. Vedamitra (compare Wilson. Vish. Pur. p. 277.) 



7. Vydli, several times quoted in Hemachandra. 



8. Vaijaska. 



II. The second Praticakhya mentions the following : — 



1. Aupacivi. 



2. Cakalya. 



3. Cakatayana. 



4. Caunaka (vide above.) 



5. Gargya. 



6. Gdtukarnya. This grammarian is mentioned in Aitar. Arany. 

 V. 3, 3, together with Galava and Agnivecyayana, as an authority of the 



