1848.] The most ancient Grammar of the Vedas. 19 



(d.) Sparcoshma sandhayas. Then, n, following a long vowel, is 

 treated like the Visarga before the words charat (mahac eharati), chakre, 

 chamasan, cha, cho, chit, charasi, chyotnas, chaturas, chikitvan. 



N. B. Prat /I I. 1, 5, nakara: cakara chaparas. Exceptions: ayan, 

 airayan, adhruvan, anadvan, ghrnivan (?) varunan. According to Prat. 

 I. the exceptions are : asman (asman cha tac cha pra hi neshi. Rik II. 

 1, 16 ;) chamasan (yada vyakhyac chamasan chaturas. R. II. 22, 5, 4) 

 pacun cha sthatrin (?) cha I. 12, 8, 6.) 



n is treated in the same way as Visarga in the combinations 

 (dvaipada) taste, sarvas tan, devas twa tas trayasva, avadas tvam. 



(e.) Sandhir vikrdntas ; in nri : patibhyas nri ; pranetram, nri : patram 

 (I. 18, 1, 1.) svatava : payus and nri; pahi crinudhi (giras). 



N. B. To nri : pati according to the observation of the commentator, 

 is expressly added to crinudhi, because it is said in another place raksha 

 nrin pahyasuratvam asmat. Prat. II. 3, fol. 28. a. only says nrin pakare 

 visarganiyam. Compare Pan. VIII. 3, 10. For svatavan we give the 

 example, bhuvas tasya svatava : payuragne. Compare Pan. ibid. 

 11. 



As an appendix the following is said : adi-svarac cottaresha pade 

 pi, maspacanya macchatve, macchatachcha. Examples : maspachanya 

 ukhayas (Rik I. 22, 6, 13.); macchatve va pricane va; bradhna 

 macchator Varunasya (VII. 3, 11, 3.) These words are mentioned here 

 and not below in the section of anunasikya within the word, no doubt, 

 because they were considered in the relation of Sandhi. 



In the five previous cases, when n disappears, or becomes either 

 repha or ushma, the vowel preceding it (purvas tat sthanat) is said to 

 become nasal. 



N. B. These are the Sandhi of n peculiar to the Veda. As for the 

 remaining changes of n, for example, before /, as well as for m being 

 changed to anusvara, the same rules are given, which are also met 

 with in Panini. As the latter leaves it optional to adopt in these 

 cases a lopa of n and m and to change the upadha to a nasal, or to 

 preserve the pure vowel, and to chose the change ofn and m in Anus- 

 vara, so we find both opinions in the Praticakhyas. The first and third 

 adopt the former, and the second the latter. According to the second 

 (3, fol. 40, b.) Kasyapa and Cakatayana permit the use of the lopa, and 

 Aupacivi adopts the nasal sound of the upadha before a vowel, and the 



d 2 



