2 1 The most ancient Grammar of the Vedas. [Jan* 



falcon (calami. Nir. 1, c. u. Sama II. 11, a. 13). Bhurana, a pre- 

 dicate of the Acvin; for example: Rik I. 17, 2, 11 ; X. 2, 13, 1, (ex- 

 plained by Rosen with sustentatores). This predicate is explained by 

 Durga (to Nir. VI. 28,) as meaning bhartdrau [cighrau vd, and this 

 denomination " the fast ones," appears to be more fit for those divini- 

 ties with horse and chariot than sustentatores. Lastly, he explains 

 the bhuranyantam of our passage (to Nir. 12, 22) withkshipra gachan- 

 tam. The word, according to my opinion, means " to stir up" (inci- 

 tare) and in a medial sense " to be on the alert, to be active," so for 

 example Rik IV. 3, 6, 3, srigad yad asma, ava ha kshipag gya kricanur 

 asta manasa bhuranyan, " when the well hitting (?) marksman dis- 

 charges (his arrows), on him the tendon he flings with an active mind,' 

 i. e. seizing the moment. V. 6, 1, 6, gharma yad vam arepasa, nasat- 

 ya, 'sna, bhuranyati, "when he stirs your pure flame, Nasatya, with the 

 mouth" (breath) ; thus bhuranya is also said of the fire. I. 1 2, 4, 1, cri- 

 nann upasthad diva bhuranyu : sthatuc charatham aktun vyurnot " boil- 

 ing he rises towards heaven, nimbly (whirling) he uncovers all that is firm 

 and moveable, he uncovers the nights." I further suppose gana to be 

 the accusative singular, and translate, "With the splendor, with which 

 thou, oh purifying God, surveyest the active human race thou walkest 

 through the heavens, &c." A long syllable was indispensable in that 

 passage of the verse ; ganam became ganam according to the elongations 

 so frequent in the Vedas ; and am was treated as, according to the above 

 laws, an would have been treated ; the long vowel turned anunasika. It is 

 worth remarking that the very exact Vedaic MS., 129, E. Ind. H. has 

 gana as well in verse 6, as in verse 3, and the same hand, which put the 

 accents with red color to the writing, has also added the long vowel. 

 There is also herein a pointing out the origin of the a, which I first 

 supposed. The word gana is besides used mostly collectively in the 

 singular exemp. gr. Rik IV. 1, 9, 1 ; a devayum gana. Sama I. 1, 2, 

 manushe gane 10, 6 ; Swadhvara gana, Rik V. 1, 11, 1, ganasya gopas. 



The Pathas of the Veda. 



The Indian Grammar considered (see above) the single word as it 

 were, torn from its union in the sentence, as the foundation of the 

 speech ; on that account the latter itself, although the observation 

 of the laws of sound, which we call euphonic, was a necessity in 



