1848.] The most ancient Grammar of the Veda. 25 



that foundation, appeared as something derived and standing in one 

 line with the artificial union of word and sound, which are applied to 

 the texts of the Vedas. 



1 . The Sanhita patha is consequently already a secondary form of 

 speech, a coalescing of the words, according to fixed laws. The three 

 principal processes of which the Praticakhyas treat with regard to 

 this Patha, are the Sandhi, the Pluti, and the Nati. 



2. The Kramapatha is also termed Kramasanhita or Pranasanhita. 

 It has two principal forms, as I have already mentioned above. 



(a.) The Varnakrama. The principal rules of this Krama are given 

 by Panini VIII. 4, 46 to J) 2, who, however, does not mention the object 

 to which they refer ; it will therefore not be necessary to repeat them 

 here, since a more exact investigation of the same would lead us 

 too far, which would however in general not be unimportant for 

 the laws of sound in the Sanscrit. The first Praticakhya devotes a 

 separate chapter to it, viz. the sixth Patala, and in concurrence with 

 the third (II. 2.) notices for this manner of speech the most contradic- 

 tory opinions of previous grammarians. The second Praticakhya treats 

 of it in the fourth adhyaya, fol. 53, etc, as well as in other passages. 

 Bohtlingk has printed a small section to Pan. VIII. 4, 47, from the 

 Vagasaneya Sanhita, which appears to have been composed according 

 to this Patha. 



(b.) The word krama. It is fully explained in the tenth and 

 eleventh Patala of the first Praticakhya ; there, however, it is called sim- 

 ply Krama and described in the following manner, dvabhyam abhikramya 

 pratya-dayottara tayo : I uttarenopasandadhyat tathardharca samapayet: I 

 exemp. gr. the beginning of the well known song of Vasishtha would be 

 as follows : parganyayapra I pragayata I gayata diva : l divasputraya I pu- 

 tray a milhushe I milhushaiti milhu she. I I The second Praticakhya also 

 gives some rules about it, and it does not appear to have been rarely 

 made use of, although I myself have never seen a IMS. com- 

 posed in this Krama of the simplest shape. The Bodley Li- 

 brary at Oxford however possesses a very carefully written, accen- 

 tuated and complete copy of the Vagasaneya Sanhita in the Gatapatha, 

 a more perfect exposition of the above Krama, in which the ardharca 

 " uru Vishno vikramasva urukshayaya naskridhi," is as follows : uru 

 Vishno Vishna ururu Vishno I Vishno vi vi Vishno Vishno vi i Vishno (to) 



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