70 Addenda et Corrigenda, fyc. [Jan. 



The latter of the above tables shows with distinctness the connexion 

 that exists between the greatest elevations of the snowy range and the 

 aquatic system of the Sub-hemalayas, so that the great snow peaks are 

 really entitled to be considered divortne aquorurn on the Indian side of 

 the snows, whatever may be the case on the Tibetan side : and, it is 

 observable that at those points where the transnivean origin of our 

 rivers necessitates a partial reference of our aquatic system to extra 

 Indian limits, there no such towering snowy peak seems to demark the 

 Alpine Sub-hemalayan basin as in cases where our aqueous sj^stem is 

 altogether our own and Cisnivean. Thus we have no peak to define the 

 basin of the Indus on its western or eastern margin. At least, I know 

 of none, though Pargyul may in part be considered a water shed, and 

 so, at the other end of the chain, may Chumalari. Both peaks however 

 are detached and stand on the plain of Tibet. Cholo is near to Chuma- 

 lari and not detached. Of the innumerable rivers of these regions the 

 only ones with ascertained transnivean sources, are the Indus, Sutlege, 

 Karnali, Sanpu and Arun, whereof the four first take their rise at Gan- 

 gri, the great water shed of the plain of Tibet, close to Lake Mepang vel 

 Manasrovar, and the fifth or Arun, from the Northern slope of Hema- 

 chal in the district of Tingri. These 5 rivers are, as might be expected, 

 the largest of the whole, both the Karnali and Arun exceeding the 

 Ganges or Jumna within the mountains, and being nearly equal the 

 one to the other. Gangri is probably the Kailas of the Hindus, whence 

 diverge to the four quarters of the compass the 4 great rivers of JBharat 

 des. I have said above that only 5 of our rivers have trans-hemalayan 

 sources. It is however probable, though unascertained that the Painorn- 

 chu and Monas arise beyond the snows and are identical respectively 

 with the Naivel Pa-chu and the Mon-chu of Klaproth. Chu vel Tchu 

 means river, so that in the one case we have an absolute identity of 

 names, and nearly so in the other (Pa-Pai, the root.) 



Kiaproth's determination, to make the Sanpu something else than 

 the Brahmaputra has led him to overlook the several large streams 

 descending into Bhutan and Assam. Had he been aware that his 

 Shokbaja is Sho vel Bhutan, and his Mon vel Moun, the Cis-hemalayans 

 generally, he must have been more accessible to recent evidence against 

 his theory.* 



* Meraoires relatift a I'Asie 3, :J?0 — 417 and Map. 



