188 Description of the Antiquities at Kdlinjar. [March, 



sculpture is 5 feet and the thickness across the shoulder 1 foot 8 inches : 

 l t is shown in Plate XII. The other hog is under some trees a short 

 distance S. E. of the Kot Tirth ; it is 7 feet 7 inches long and 2 feet 7 

 inches across the shoulder. (5 9) 



Kalinjar having been originally sacred to Kali, and being now devoted 

 to Siva, of course the effigies of both are very numerous, especially the 

 Ling and Joni form of Mahadeo and Parbati (vide note 22). In figs. 

 19, 20, 21, PI. XIII. several curious forms are shown ;(60) among 

 them some which show a great affinity to the architectural column, 

 which I am inclined to think is deduced from the Ling; both being 

 emblems of man. Among the classics the column base and capital com- 

 plete, was always considered to represent the human figure. 



Description of the Caves and Temple of Nilkanth, and the descent to 



them. 



I have already stated that you pass through two gateways in the 

 descent to the fausse braie, which contains the temple of Nilkanth. 

 The upper gateway (in the main rampart, or enceinte) is said to have 

 been built by Parmal Brimh, the last of the Chandel Rajahs,(61) 

 who flourished in the early part of the 13th century of the Samvat. 

 This is probably true, for the style of the structure corresponds with 

 that of the buildings, called generally Chandel. (62) On either side 

 of the gateway there are inscriptions in praise of various deities, and 

 containing pilgrims' names. One bears the name of some baboo and 

 date w«r Vi$°, others are of ^y^ and ^^«t, and one is shown in 



(59) It is cut out of a block of the soft stone which composes the hill and consequently 

 is in very bad preservation. Vide PI. XI. fig-. 13. 



(60) See note 86 for a curious type of the Joni. 



(61 ) According- to a list given to me by Captain Ellis, assistant to Col. Sleeman, and 

 which he had copied from a work of a native poet, Parmal Brimh, was the last of a line 

 of 22 rajas, called the Chandel Rajas of Mahaba, who were fabled to be descended from 

 Cbandrama, (the moon) and Hemoti, a brahman woman, hence the title Brimh. 



(62) The pillars and decorations in the Temple or Ras mandal below, are precisely of 

 the description, and the probability is that they also were erected by Parmal, or at all 

 events by his predecessor Kirat Brimh, (Krim Khot, the founder of the fort) note 40. 

 The brahmans scout this idea with horror and declare that the temple and cave were 

 the work of Viswakarma, the celestial architect, in the Sat Jug. 



