1848.] Itinerary from Phari in Thibet, to Lassa. 263 



who supply food, and who cook for travellers. These men are Chinese, 

 and are appointed by the Ampas or Chinese councillors at Lassa, The 

 traveller who can pay may have tea, spirits, flesh and eggs. " The 

 charges are so high that Tibetans cannot afford to pay them, and the 

 Chinese only can avail themselves of this accommodation ; just as at 

 the Dak Bungalows in India, where the charges are too high for the 

 Natives." 



19. Chakloong (the place of thieves.) — Chakpoo is Tibetan for 

 Dacoit. This is a notorious haunt of robbers.* It is their practice 

 to conceal themselves in burrows under ground and watch for travellers, 

 on whom they suddenly pounce. Murders are not commonly commit- 

 ted by gang robbers in Thibet unless the resistance is so great that it 

 cannot be overcome otherwise. The direction of the route from Zhara 

 is east by south, the distance one day's journey ; the country level, but 

 rocky, barren and unpeopled ; the road, which is easy for ponies and 

 loaded people, runs parallel to a river which rises in the Yeung moun- 

 tain and runs to the south. There is no house here for the shelter of 

 travellers, but there are numerous and spacious caves in which they 

 rest. Some of the caves are large enough to contain 40 men comfort- 

 ably. They are not natural caves, but have been cut out of the hill 

 side which is of hard soil. 



20. Nagarchi Jong.f — One day's journey to the east, over a level 

 country, which is well cultivated and peopled ; road good. This is the 

 residence of a " Deboo" or Governor. His district is Nagarchi, which is 

 a large one, extending more than 30 miles to the eastward of his resi- 

 dence. The whole country to " Yamdo Yeumtso," (Yarbragh Yeumtso 

 of Pemberton's map) is level, well peopled, and cultivated. 



21 . Yamdo, (Yeumtso.)% — A long march in an easterly direction over 

 a finely cultivated country. There is a lake here of the same name, on 

 the margin of which is the resting-place. The lake is seen from 

 Nagarchijong, and is close to it some way to the south of the road. 

 The lake of Yamdo Yeumtso is . of immense circumference ; " Garboo 



* M. Hue in his narrative speaks much of the robbers of Tibet, who, he says, are Kalos 

 or black-tent nomadic Tibetans, erroneously styled Kalmaks. They are mounted gang- 

 robbers. See British Journal of the Propaganda. — B. H. H. 



t Nagardzong of Pemberton's map; Nagar Oze of Klaproth, whose 13th stage it is. 

 -B. H. H. 



X Palte of our maps; Yarbrok Yii and Yambra Yum of Kl.— B. H. H. 



