282 Report of the Kohistan of the Jullundhur Doab. [April, 



2. The plain of the Jullundhur Doab is bounded to the eastward 

 by a long and narrow range of hills, whose highest ridge does not rise 

 1,500 feet above it. This outer range, distinguished by the name of 

 the Pamrai-ke-dhar, but better known to Europeans as the Hoshyar- 

 poor range, extends from the right bank of the Sutlej, from nearly 

 opposite Roopur, to Hnjeepoor on the left band of the Beeasa. Its 

 direction is nearly N. W. and S. E. and its average breadth about 

 eight miles. The Kohistan may be said to be divided into three great 

 longitudinal valleys, more or less distinctly separated from one another 

 and the countries beyond, by the following principal and nearly parallel 

 ranges. Next to the outer range comes the Jaswan-ke-dhar, separating 

 the valleys through which the rivers Sooan and Beeasa, respectively 

 flow. Next in succession to the eastward, is the Chungar or Joala- 

 mukhi-ke-dhar, forming the boundary between the Kangra and Joala 

 valleys : and lastly, the Chumba range, which forms a snowy barrier 

 between this country, known by the general appellation of the " Kangra 

 district," and those of Chumba and Lahoul. 



3. The Jaswan Dhoon extends from the Sutlej to within a few miles 

 of Hajeepoor, where it is terminated by the junction of the Pamrai and 

 Jaswan ranges. The river Sooan, rising in Siba at the head of this 

 valley, flows down the centre and empties itself into the Sutlej above 

 Roopur. The surface of the Jaswan Dhoon maintains an almost unin- 

 terrupted level, but those of the other two have been considerably dis- 

 turbed by the upheaval movements, and are consequently more or less 

 subdivided into lesser valleys, which have received different local names. 

 This remark applies more particularly to the Kangra valley, where not 

 only the purgunnahs of Palum and Kangra are divided by a range of 

 hills, which connect the Joala and Chumba ones together, but other low 

 ridges have been thrown up, which traverse it in various directions. 



4. Although wide longitudinal valleys intervene for many miles 

 between the successive ranges, yet this uniformity in the physical out- 

 line must not be supposed to exist throughout the whole extent of this 

 immense District, for it includes Sookeyt, Mundi, and Kooloo, and even 

 a part of Lahoul. The three former lie to the east of the Secunder-ke- 

 dhar, a spur from the Chumba range running direct to the southward. 

 With the exception of the Chumba range, the hills to the west of this 

 spur scarcely attain the elevation of 5,000 feet above the sea, whereas 



