284 Beporl of the Kohistan of the Jullundhur Doab. [April, 



Noorpoor. On the summits of these ranges are table-lands of consi- 

 derable extent. The strata dip mostly to the north-east at angles 

 varying from 8° to 15°. Amongst the strata are others of a harder and 

 more durable sandstone, which being better able to withstand the effects 

 of weathering project from the rest in smooth waterworn ledges. 



7. From underneath this sandstone formation, strata of red and 

 blue marls alternating with sandstone have been thrust up, These 

 evidently belong to the great saliferous formation which probably 

 crosses the Punjab from west to east. I have traced it from the 

 banks of the Ravee, beyond Noorpoor, along the base of the Chumba 

 range as far eastward as Mundi. Also from Nagrota, near Hurreepoor, 

 across the Joala valley, into the Pergunnah of Kotlehr, where it makes 

 its appearance in two high and parallel ridges (the Chow-mukhi and 

 Kotlehr.) Between the Joala and Chumba ridges conformable beds of 

 calcareous conglomerate are met with, which are occasionally interstra- 

 tified with sandstone. The marls are of various colours. Besides the 

 red and blue are others of a purple colour, as well as some approaching 

 to a white. Others again are mottled, having greenish or bluish spots 

 in a dark red base. 



8. In consequence of the dip being generally either to the east or 

 north-east, these lesser hills usually present steep precipitous banks 

 towards the plains, and easy slopes in the opposite direction. The two 

 outer ranges send forth numberless spurs to the north-eastward, which 

 descend gradually to the level of the valleys. These hills have evident- 

 ly been upheaved from a variety of centres, and the elevatory force has 

 not been exerted equally over the whole district. This force, however, 

 nowhere makes its appearance, excepting in the granitic peaks of the 

 Chumba range. In consequence of these unequal disturbances there 

 is a great irregularity in the dip, and although the average may be 

 taken at about 25°, yet in different localities it varies from almost the 

 perpendicular to nearly the horizontal : and although the strata dip in 

 general to the north-east, we find them dipping also in the opposite 

 direction : in fact, no two sections, observed a few miles apart, would, 

 in these respects, give exactly the same results. As far as regards 

 these local details, we find remarkable differences in the Pergunnahs 

 of Kumleh-gurh and Kotlehr. At the head of the Kotlehr Dhoon the 

 hills present a remarkably disturbed appearance. There, a sudden 



