1848.] Report of the Kohistan of the Jullundhur Doa&. 285 



break in the continuity of the Jaswan range, occurs. There the strata 

 dip towards almost every point in the horizon and have also been 

 thrust up perpendicularly into sharp angular points. 



9. Partial formations of lignite are found in different localities, 

 but they soon thin out and disappear. That at Futtipani has been 

 almost entirely washed away by the Guj, during the last rains. After 

 a very careful examination of the strata there, as well as elsewhere 

 within the district, I feel convinced that no true coal measures will ever 

 be found in these hills. The strata are of a more modern date than 

 the carboniferous, and belong to the new red sandstone period. Car- 

 bonate of lime is abundantly diffused throughout, and frequently makes 

 its appearance in the form of stalactites and incrustations. Cavernous 

 masses of this calcareous matter are found in all the nullahs, and are 

 used by the inhabitants for making lime. Clay-slate from the Chumba 

 range serves them for roofing ; and some of the sandstones afford ex- 

 cellent building materials. Boulders are generally employed for fencing 

 and paving. Thermal springs are sometimes met with. That at 

 Futtipani appears to maintain a uniform temperature of 104° F. 

 throughout the year. I have taken it on several occasions, and at various 

 seasons, and have always found it the same. The inflammable gas at 

 Joala-mukhi is either carburetted or sulphuretted hydrogen, but most 

 likely the former. There is also a saline spring close by the temple at 

 the same place. The poorer inhabitants obtain the salt by evaporation, 

 and use it for economical purposes. The water of this spring is said 

 to possess medicinal properties, and has been successfully employed in 

 the earlier stages of goitre. May it not possess this property from the 

 presence of iodine ? Boulders and erratics are abundant both on the 

 hill slopes and in the water courses to the east of the Joala range : but 

 with the exception of the bed of the Beeas, and in the neighbour- 

 hood of gravel beds, they are nowhere numerous to the westward of 

 that range. They consist of every variety of rock of which the Hima- 

 laya are composed. 



10. The communication between the Jullundhur Doab and the 

 Kohistan is maintained through the Naree and Cheenee Ghats. Both 

 lead over the Pamrai range into the Jaswan Dhoon ; and are situated, 

 one a few miles, on either side of Hoshyarpoor. However, a good deal 

 of traffic is carried on by the more circuitous route of Hajeepoor, 



