286 Report of the Kohis tan of the Jullundhur Doab. [April, 



crossing the Beeas at Rae-ke-puttun. But the principal thoroughfare 

 between Lahore and the Kangra district is through Umritsur, Adeena- 

 nuggur, Puthankote, and up the bed of a nullah to Noorpoor ; or from 

 Adeena-nuggur to Juck-o-bur, on the left bank of the Beeas at Rae- 

 ke-puttun, and from thence along the bottom of tortuous ravines through 

 Dhamata and Nagrota to either Kangra or Joala-mukhi. In this dis- 

 trict, as in other mountainous parts of India, coolies, bullocks, asses, 

 and mules are employed in the transport of merchandise. I have, 

 however, occasionally seen camels used for the same purpose. In this 

 district also, are extensive plain and terraced lands at almost every 

 elevation from 1,500 to 7,000 feet above the sea, which yield or are 

 capable of yielding, all the usual productions of the plains, as well as 

 those of the more temperate regions. Although a great extent of sur- 

 face is under cultivation, yet large tracts may be seen over which the 

 plough has not yet been passed, and which appear peculiarly adapted, 

 both as to soil and situation, for the cultivation of the tea plant. These 

 uncultivated lands, however, afford pasture for large herds of cattle, 

 and numerous flocks of sheep : the latter are kept chiefly for their wool. 

 During the cold months these flocks are brought down into the lower 

 and warmer valleys, but are driven back again on the first approach of 

 the hot season to the more elevated and temperate regions of Kooloo 

 and Lahoul. 



1 1 . The principal crops are the sugarcane, rice, wheat, cotton, and 

 gram (cicer arietinum.) The rice grown in the purgunnah of Kangra 

 is considered to equal, if not surpass, the finest in Hindoostan. It is 

 exported in large quantities to all the neighbouring districts, and is in 

 great demand at Lahore. Sugar and wheat are also exported, but 

 neither gram nor cotton is cultivated in sufficient quantities to supply 

 even the local demands. The price of wheat has doubled since the 

 occupation of the country by the British. Before that event a pucka 

 maund could be purchased for one Rupee, but since then it has aver- 

 aged two Rupees a maund. The wages of labour, and the prices of all 

 commodities are on the increase. There is a great want of timber for 

 building purposes ; the cheel and the mangoe being the only two avail- 

 able. The bamboo, however, is plentiful. Along the base of the 

 Chumba range are large forests of cheel (P. longifolia), oaks (Q. incana ; 

 and Q. lanata) and rhododendrons. Higher up are also very extensive 

 forests, but of their composition I know nothing. 



