290 Report of the Kohistan of the Jullundhur Doab. [April, 



as well as of texture. It is frequently soft, breaking up into quadran- 

 gular pieces. Sometimes, however, it is met with of a fine texture, of 

 a bluish colour, and splitting easily into slates, when it is used as roof- 

 ing slate. It derives occasionally, a shining and silky lustre from the 

 minute particles of mica it contains. The clay slate is pierced in many 

 places by veins of quartz, which are sometimes metalliferous, as is the 

 case near the village of Jerree, situated on the left bank of the Parbati, 

 and about five miles below Mani-karn. This vein had been worked, 

 for the galena it produced, by the villagers for some months ; but as 

 they undermined they took no precautions to prevent the superincum- 

 bent mass from falling in. This circumstance occurred during the last 

 rains, and the owners have not thought it worth while to re-open the 

 mine ; so the working could not have proved a very profitable emploj^- 

 ment. The limestone is bluish in colour, compact and hard ; also 

 partially diffused, when compared with the clay-slate. Sometimes it 

 is non-effervescent, and also becomes silicious. Gypsum is found 

 associated with the limestone in some situations, as near Jerree. 



19. The Parba or Parbati flows along the base of a deep and wind- 

 ing ravine, the crests of the hills on either side rising some 4,000 feet 

 above it. Their slopes are adorned with forests of Pines and the 

 Deodar, and their summits are covered at this season of the year with 

 snow. In many places the Parba is both wide and deep, but at Mani- 

 karn it is a foaming torrent, bounding over the rocks in noisy cascades. 

 This river comes from the eastward, and empties itself into the Beeas a 

 couple of miles above Bajoura. Mani-karn is situated on the right 

 bank of the river, about 20 miles above this point. The place is cele- 

 brated on account of the boiling springs, which issue from the ground 

 a few feet above the icy stream of the Parba. The springs are nume- 

 rous, and the flow of boiling water copious. I regret not having had a 

 thermometer graduated sufficiently high to have enabled me to ascertain 

 the exact temperature of the water ; but its heat is sufficiently great to 

 enable the pilgrims, who annually resort there, to cook their rice in it. 

 Whenever the wind lulls, the steam from these springs rises up in a 

 perpendicular column full 100 feet high. 



20. The hill, at the base of which Mani-karn is situated, is com- 

 posed partly of limestone and partly of clay-slate. The dip is nearly 

 perpendieular, and the strata are traversed by veins of quartz. The 



