296 Territories of Maharaja Guldb Singh and British India. [April, 



2. In 1839, when Capt. A. Cunningham surveyed the Lahul dis- 

 trict the boundary between the states of Kulu and Chamba was formed 

 by the Nalda and Chukam Nullahs, two tributaries of the Chandra- 

 bhaga, the one on its left and the other on its right bank. From the 

 head of the Chukam Nullah the Commissioners determined that all 

 the country to the eastward which is drained by the Bhaga, the Chan- 

 drabhaga and their tributaries belonged to the British district of Lahul ; 

 and that the boundary between Lahul and the Zanskar district was the 

 snowy range (called Paralassa by Dr. Gerard) dividing the drainage of 

 the Bhaga and Chandrabhaga from that of the Zanskar river, as mark- 

 ed in the Map. (PI. XXIX.) 



3. Beyond the Bara Lacha Pass to the eastward, the Commissioners 

 found that there was an old well known boundary stone, called Pha- 

 langdanda, which marked the limit between Lahul and Ladak. This 

 stone is noticed by Moorcroft (I, p. 220). It stands in the midst of 

 an open plain on the right bank of the Yunam River. As there was 

 no known or recognized boundary mark on the other side of the stream, 

 the Commissioners selected a remarkable cream-coloured peak, called 

 Turam, as the northern limit of the British territory on the left bank 

 of the river. As this peak is situated at the end of one of the spurs 

 of the great snowy chain, already determined as the northern limit of 

 the Lahul district, it forms a natural continuation of the boundary line 

 from the westward. The bearing of the Turam peak from the Pha- 

 lang-danda is 9° to the northward of west. 



4. As it appeared that the country to the eastward of the Phalang- 

 danda belonged to Piti, the Commissioners determined that the bounda- 

 ry between Piti and Ladak on the westward should be the Yunam 

 River. A straight line was accordingly drawn from the Phalang-danda 

 to the junction of the first Nullah on the right bank of the Yunam, 

 from which point the Yunam River forms the boundary as far as the 

 junction of the Cherpa or Cherep river. 



5. Almost due north-east from this junction there is a remarka- 

 ble square rock on the top of the hill, which from its resemblance to a 

 fort has recieved the name of Lanka. This curious and well known 

 peak was selected as another fixed point in the boundary, to which a 

 straight line should be drawn from the junction of the Cherpa river. 

 Beyond this to the eastward, the Commissioners, adhering to the 



