JOURNAL 



OF THE 



ASIATIC SOCIETY. 



MAY, 1848. 



The Turaee and Outer Mountains of Kumaoon* 

 By Major Madden, Bengal Artillery. 



The following details, chiefly botanical, comprize the result of obser- 

 vations made during several short excursions from Almorah to the 

 Turaee and Outer Mountains of Kumaoon, between the Kosilla and the 

 Kalee rivers. Performed during the cold season or spring, many defici- 

 encies must necessarily exist, especially as to the vegetation of the 

 Turaee and the mountain range immediately above it, which is most 

 copious and luxuriant during and immediately after the rainy season. 

 A few days' sunshine then suffice to wither and efface all traces of 

 many herbaceous plants. The climate, however, is unfortunately so 

 unhealthy at that season, as to preclude any thing beyond the most 

 rapid transit, and even this small advantage the writer has not enjoyed. 

 Still, he believes the subject may be interesting ; the routes including 

 part of a tract intervening between those exhausted by Drs. Wallich 

 and Royle, and never visited by either of these gentlemen. 



December 6, 1846. — From Almorah to Munjerd, at the Khyrna 

 Bridge, distant 18 miles. At 5 or 6 miles, below Chousulla village, by 

 a pretty iron suspension bridge, cross the Suwal river, a little above its 

 junction with the Kosilla, which it nearly equals in size. Above this 

 point the Kosilla flows through a very deep and impracticable gorge, 

 formed on both sides of granite, which, at Chousulla, gives place to 

 gneiss and slate rocks. On the right or west bank, the granite reaches 



No. XVII.— New Series, 2 z 



