1848.] The Turaee and Outer Mountains of Kumaoon. 389 



range, Biophytum Sensitivum is common, as is Didymocarpus pedicella- 

 tus, macrophylla of Royle, in the Dhikkolee, as well as in the Bumouree, 

 and Burm Deo Passes. It is well known in Kumaoon as the " Put- 

 thur-loung" or Rock clove, from the strong aroma of its dormant winter 

 leaves, which are prescribed in cases of diarrhoea. To-day also occurred 

 the Gynaion vestitum, " Peen," probably the Cordia incana of Royle. 

 It is not uncommon in dry stony ground all over the Bhabur, and 

 ascends the mountains to 2,500 or 3000 feet ; the wood is much valued 

 for mill-work, wheels, &c. The name, denoting fatness, is derived from 

 the copious viscous juice of the bark and fruit: as the Cordia myxa had 

 its Hindoostanee name Lusora from "lus," viscum. 



Crotalaria sericea, and C. salicifolia, are common plants in the Chil- 

 kiya jungles — with Indigofera hirsuta. 



December 19. — From Chilkiya to Bundurjoora, called 5 coss, due 

 east : about half of which may be clearings ; the rest, grass, jungle, 

 and forest. The road admits the passage of hackeries, and there is 

 just now a considerable number on it, with many passengers from Ka- 

 leedhoongee to Chilkiya. At 1 J mile cross the Kosilla, here divided by 

 a large island, its bed is formed of gravel and small stones. In ano- 

 ther mile pass Burwa, a clearing on the Dubka, flowing now in two 

 pretty large streams : thence through forest to Gybwa, a large clearing, 

 north of which is an extensive plateau of elevated land and hills, cover- 

 ed with jungle, and isolated from the lower range ; it much resembles 

 the broken and rugged tract of Shah Munsoor near Kheree, on the 

 Dehra road, so well known to tiger-parties. Beyond Gybwa is Patapa- 

 nee, and then Bundurjoora clearing, where I encamped by the Police 

 station. These clearings all bear marks of recent and extensive enlarge- 

 ment : many large trees, partially burned or lopped, stand up in the 

 cornfields, and remind one of the " elegant improvements" of Canada 

 and the States. To this increase of cultivation in the Turaee is partly 

 to be attributed the quantity of once tilled, but now abandoned ground, 

 which we perceive in the mountains. 



Bundurjoora Chokey is about a mile from the base of the low range 

 of the Kotah Dhoon. In the S. W. face of this, about 1| mile distant 

 there is a copious formation of vesicular calcareous tuifa or travertine, 

 forming a cliff above 1 00 feet in height, and most likely constituting 

 the mass of the range, which it does on the Kumola Pass, about 5 miles 



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