1848.] The Turaee and Outer Mountains of Kumaoon. 393 



is a subject of frequent dispute. If therefore, the whole Turaee be 

 ever reclaimed, it will be by a judicious system of canals from the large 

 rivers, supposing the levels to admit, and the water to be not demanded 

 for the richer countries below. 



The total area of cultivated acres in the Kumaoon Bhabur, Mr. 

 Batten informs me, is 18,500 



"Which are assessed at rupees, 9000 



Revenue from timber, bamboos, grazing, 18,700 



From which it appears that the district is one of more interest to the 

 naturalist than to the Government. 



Each bullock brought to graze is charged by the farmers of the reve- 

 nue, three annas per season : each buifalo, four. A cart for drawing 

 timber pays twelve annas to one rupee per trip ; judging by the compe- 

 tition in this trade, it must be lucrative. 



At Kumola the direction of the route to Kaleedhoongee changes 

 from E. S. E. to East ; adjoining the cultivation of the latter is the 

 extensive clearing, Nyagaon ; both watered by the Bor or Boula river, 

 the bed of which, now an expanse of boulders and gravel, is crossed near 

 Kaleedhoongee. Beautiful views of the Nynee Tal group of mountains, 

 rising tier above tier ; the Symdhar, a pine-covered range of 6800 feet, 

 breaking off from Deoputa near Koorpaka, is here perceived to inter- 

 pose between Cheenur and the lower mountains to the S. W. These 

 last are completely enveloped in forest, much of which is Sal. 



December 23. — From Kaleedhoongee to Huldwanee Mundee, ] 5 or 

 16 miles, by a good hackery track. To Chousula, 5 miles, the soil is 

 little else than gravel, supporting a thin and stunted forest, traversed 

 by half a dozen dry channels of the Nihal, the westernmost of which 

 passes a few hundred yards east of Kaleedhoongee. Chousula is a 

 cleared tract close to the mountains, watered by the Bukra, a torrent 

 from the Bilooa Khan mountain, the summit of which is visible, in the 

 direction of Nynee Tal. Embelia robusta and Clerodendron siphonan- 

 thus grow in the Chousula woods : though abundance of the first is to 

 be had hereabouts ; the Almorah druggists sell the fruit of Rottlera tinc- 

 toria for it, as the true Bhaberung ! 



Leaving Chousula, the road, still skirting the mountains, passes the 

 spacious clearings of Futtehpoor, with a very neat Police Cliokey ; 

 Peepul-pokhra, in the heart of a thick sal forest ; and Loogria sal, a 



