1848.] The Turaee and Outer Mountains of Kumaoon. 423 



much abused plains, the misfortune of which is that one cannot breathe 

 there.* 



If the above be a true view of the case, it appears chimerical to hope 

 that the Himalaya can ever maintain an independent body of colonists, 

 such as might supersede the necessity of drawing recruits from Europe, 

 or such as, on any emergency, could be brought down to act in the 

 defence of the Lower Empire. This is a very different question from 

 that of the fitness of the mountains for sanatory settlements occupied 

 by those in the service of Government, and whose means of subsistence 

 are drawn from the Plains : that, indeed, is no longer a question : a 

 hundred applications for every vacant appointment in the mountains 

 attest the "deep damnation" of a life in Hindoostan. 



The following list includes most of the plants found at Almorah and 

 Hawulbagh, from 4000 to 5500 feet above the sea. 



Anemone vitifolia. 



Clematis grata : " Ghurmalee." 



Clematis velutina : " Ghuntiali." 



Clematis Buchananiana : ■ rare. 



Ranunculus lsetus : " Dhynia." 



Ranunculus sceleratus : " Sheem," (any marsh plant.) 



The Sooruj-jal, or "water-sun" of northern India. 



Ranunculus arvensis : " Ainwa." 



Delphinium Ajacis, naturalized. 



Delphinium pauchiorum : " Moonila." The root, chewed on Sunday, 

 is a popular remedy for tooth-ache. 



Thalictrum foliolosum : " Pengla-juree," " Chulnia." 



Papaver glabrum, (Royle ;) Cornfields : " Tukoovia," often perfectly 

 glabrous, but sometimes stem, peduncle and calyx are extremely hairy. 



Argemone mexicana : " Kuntela," rare. 



Fumaria vaillantii : " Khyrooa," considered to be injurious to cattle. 



Corydalis paniculata : (N. S. Edgeworth) at 3700 feet, about Binsur 



Temples. 



* Having lately adventured some observations on the tidal currents of the atmosphere 

 in these mountains, and endeavoured to show why the day-stream is from the Plains, and 

 why the nocturnal one should be the reverse, I may here add that subsequent observation , 

 during the hot season, proves the early morning breeze to be almost invariably from 

 the East, or within a few points of it : but of a force much inferior to the other, which 

 reaches us up the gully of the KosUla. 



3 m 2 



