1848.] through Ariana and India. 481 



has been particularly unfortunate in his selection of Bahawalpur as the 

 representative of Po-fa-to, as that place was founded by Bahawal 

 Khan within the last century. Chicha-vjatni may perhaps be the 

 actual position of Po-fa-to, as the second and third syllables are 

 identical. 



4th. U-to-kia-han-cha. The position of this place can h6 deter- 

 mined very nearly by Hwan Thsang's distances and directions. From 

 Shang-mu-kia-phu-sa, which appears to have been a holy spot in or 

 near the city of Pu-se-ko-lo-fa-ti {Pushkaldvati or Peukelaotis, the 

 modern Hashtnagar) to the South-East was the town of Pa-ltj-sha ; 

 to the north-east of which at 50 li (upwards of 8 miles) stood the 

 temple of Pi-ma, the wife of Iswara (Bhimd, one of the many names of 

 Durga). To the south-east of this temple at 150 li (25 miles) was 

 the town of U-to-kia-han-cha. From these data I have ascertained 

 by measurements on Walker's and Mirza Mogal Beg's maps that the 

 temple of Bhima must have stood close to the present town of No- 

 shehra, and that U-to-kia-han-cha must have been at or near the 

 modern Nilab. Major Anderson identifies the latter with Attok, and 

 points to the identification of Pho-lo-tu-lo with the ruins of Pertor, 

 as a simple proof of his correctness. But the ruins of Bithor lie to 

 the South of Attok, while Pho-lo-thu-lo was 20 li (or 6|- miles) to 

 the North-West of U-to-kia-han-cha, which I identify with Nilab, 

 between which place and Attok the* hills are covered with the ruins of 

 Bithor and Messa Kot. Major xlnderson is wrong in disputing Hwan 

 Thsdng's measurement of the Indus at this place. For the accurate 

 pilgrim does not say that the river was one mile wide ; but that it was 

 from 3 to 4 li (as nearly as possible half a mile) in width ; which it 

 actually is in many places in this neighbourhood. The Major may 

 therefore keep his note of admiration for the breadths of rivers recorded 

 by Arrian. The very fact that the li of Hwan Thsang differs so much 

 from the li of the present day proves the antiquity of the composition 

 of his work : for there are about 6 of his li to the British mile, whilst 

 of the modern li there are only 3 to the British mile. This is not a 

 mere assertion, but a point which I have ascertained by Hwan Thsang's 

 recorded distances between Kashmir and Jalandhar, before alluded to ; 

 and by the recorded distances in the Kabul valley, which I will now 

 mention. 



