1848.] through Ariana and India. 483 



er's large map. Again, from Na-ko-lo-ho to Kian-to-lo, or Gan- 

 dhdra, and its capital, Pu-lu-sha-pu-lo, the distance is said to be 500 

 li, which according to Major Anderson's estimate, would place the 

 latter somewhere to the eastward of the Jehlam. By my estimate the 

 distance is upwards of 83 miles, which is somewhat short of the dis- 

 tance measured by the perambulator. But the total distance by my 

 estimate is exactly 200 British miles, which agrees nearly with the 

 measured distance of Alexander's surveyors between Alexandria Opiane 

 (Hupian) and Peukelaotis (Hashtnagar) which was 227 Roman miles, 

 or 207} British miles. From these statements it is clear that it is 

 not Hwan Thsang's distances that are wrong, but Major Anderson's 

 estimate of those distances. 



5th. Iu-man. This Major Anderson identifies with Hazrat 

 Imam ; — but Hwan Thsang's statements point to a different place : — 

 for Hazrat Imam lies to the south of the Oxus, whilst all the places 

 to the East and West of Juman lie to the north of the Oxus. Besides 

 which the itinerary of the Southern bank from An-tha-lo-fo or 

 Anderdh to She-khi-ni, or Shakhnan, is detailed in another place. 

 According to Hwan Thsang Iu-man was situated between Tan-mi, or 

 Termed, to the North of the Oxus, and Ko-tu-lo, or Khatldn, a 

 district likewise to- the North of the river. Now in this very position 

 we have the Shumdn and Nomdn of Ibn Haukal, the Sutndn of Edrisi 

 and the Shumdn of Abulfeda. But the itinerary of Edrisi agrees 

 exactly with that of Hwan Thsang. To the eastward of Tan-ni, or 

 Termed, was Chi-ao-yan-na or Chaganian ; to the east of which again 

 was Hu-lu-mo, the Hamurdn of Idrisi, situated at 30 miles from 

 Chaganian. Then to the east of Hu-lu-mo was Iu-man, the Sumdn of 

 Edrisi, 39 miles fromHamur&n. Beyond Iu-man was Kiu-ho-yan-na, 

 the Andidn of Edrisi, and the Alubdn of Ibn Haukal. Then to the east- 

 ward was Hu-sha, the Waksh or Washgerd of the two Musalmau 

 geographers ; beyond which again was Ko-tu-lo, or Khutlan, a district 

 on the northern bank of the Oxus. This well known place the Major 

 identifies with Kator to the south of the Hindu Kush. From these 

 distinct details it is certain that Iu-man cannot be identified with 

 Hazrat Imam. 



I have now examined one by one the chief positions on which Major 

 Anderson relied for the proofs of the correctness of his system of iden- 



3 u 



