1848.] Extract of a letter from Cajpt. Kittoe. 537 



highest peak, has been one much larger, and no doubt that called by 

 Fa Hian " the throne of the Buddhas." I am now able to explain why 

 the thousands of " grottos" are not to be found ; " grotto" (grotte) is 

 the proper definition for the residences of the Rishis, not " caves ;" 

 the whole eastern face of the hill and in other spots, there have appa- 

 rently been numerous little chambers of brick and of stone from the 

 water's edge to the top, not one of which is now entire ; there have been 

 bowers and larger buildings also. 



From Giriyek I went to the Jain fane, called Pawa-puri and Pokar- 

 puri ; I am satisfied that this is a very modern work, not earlier than 

 the reign of Shah Jehan ; an inscription indeed tells you as much. The 

 village of Pawa is 2 miles north ; it has no mark of great antiquity ; it 

 was here Mahavir, the 24th Jain Tirhankar, was born. 



From Pawa Puri I went eastward to the village called Gusserawa, 

 where there are many idols, some extensive mounds (sites of temples) 

 and several tanks. The idols belong to the later period of Buddhism. 

 Here I was fortunate enough to get possession of a beautifully cut 

 inscription which has lately been dug out of the mound ; I purchased 

 it for three rupees, and after taking correct fac similes in triplicate, I 

 had it fixed into the outer wall of a modern temple in a niche. The 

 inscription records the adoption, by a young brahmin, of the Buddhist 

 faith, and his subsequent admission to great honors as a holy personage. 

 The name of Deva Pala as ruling prince occurs ; he would seem to have 

 been a Buddhist ; this must be Deva Pala of the Bengal kings, who 

 it would seem were rulers of the whole country. The name of Kaniska 

 also occurs, as founder of a Vihara (in the north) ; this Kaniska was the 

 third Tartar prince of that name ruling in Cashmere, who, we are told 

 in the Raja Taringini, restored Buddhism (see Prinsep's Useful Tables). 

 Dr. Ballantyne, Principal of the Benares College, has prepared a careful 

 and elegant translation, which, with a transcript of the original Sanskrit, 

 I send with this letter. The character is an early type of the Goura 

 or Kutila, and very distinct. The inscription is worthy of patient 

 investigation, for there are several doubtful passages, and the pundits 

 are by no means unanimous in their reading. 



From Guserawa I went to Uphsur, the spot I paid a hurried visit 

 to last year. I put a number of workmen to clear the earth and 

 rubbish in which the great image of Varaha was buried ; I was well 



