564 The Turaee and Outer Mountains of Kumaoon. [June, 



name of another considerable Goth in an open prairie, where it receives 

 a tributary of equal size from the east, the Deolagar ; this gives name 

 to another mart for timber, &c. close under the hills. The path keeps 

 to the right or north bank of this stream, under a beautifully wooded 

 escarpment ; on the summit of this, two miles east of Dogaree, is the 

 Syna ka Panee Goth ; and at its base crop out large masses of brown 

 iron ore, or brown Haematite, said to be rich in metal, and often asso- 

 ciated with coal. The spot is called Dhan Dhoonga. The last two 

 miles from Deolagar to Kulounia lie through Sal forest, with half a 

 mile more in the deep Khyr and Seesoo growing bed of the Puneean or 

 Punwyn river, which is about 100 feet below the level of the Sal, and 

 carries a small stream of good, clear water. It is said to be called 

 Jugboora in the plains, and to flow to Suniya, 5 coss down ; dividing 

 the Choubhynsia district from that of Tula Des — " the low country/' 

 which includes Burm Deo, and the outer hills as far as Chhirapanee. 

 Kulounia is a small Mundee just on the gorge of the mountains, on the 

 west bank of the Punwyn : now vilely hot, with myriads of flies, and 

 little or no shade. The inhabitants are mountaineers from Furka, and 

 traders from Peleebheet, engaged in the timber and drug business. 

 One of these, Nuthoo Mull, who also keeps a Buniya's shop, was very 

 civil, and gave me shelter under his roof ; the heat in a pal being in- 

 supportable. He has 10,000 rupees embarked, chiefly in the manu- 

 facture of Kuth, (Terra japonica) here called Kutha ; but nothing 

 comes amiss : till late at night he was sedulously engaged with the 

 hillmen, and loud and frequent were the disputes as to the value of the 

 various articles, which he purchased, independantly and in small quan- 

 tities : no temperament but that of a Hindoo could stand the wear 

 and tear. The following are the prices he pays : 



Babur or Byb grass : 3 to 4 rupees per 100 muns. 



Moonj, Sirput, and Tat culms for pens : various. 



Ghee : 1 rupee for 7 kucha sers. 



Borax, brought by the Bhotiyas : 7 to 8 rupees per mun. 



Lichens for dying rose-color : " Chulpooree," " Charchubeelu," 1£ 

 rupee per mun. 



Turmeric : 4 rupees per mun. 



Myrobalans (Hur) 1 rupee per ditto : said to be produced (abun- 

 dantly) only every third year : a belief common here in reference to 

 many other fruits. 



