1848.] The Turaee and Outer Mountains of Kumaoon. 569 



tiful country, and joins the Gogra proper at a place called Swurg-dwara 

 " the gate of heaven." Captain Herbert calculated the following as 

 the discharge per second in cubic feet, where they enter the plains : — 



Kalee 4,800. 



Jumna 4000. 



Ganges 7000. 



Sutluj 8,100. This is probably greatly in excess : the last is certainly 

 a smaller river than the Ganges. 



Moonias Mundee is placed close to the right bank of the river, 885 

 feet above Calcutta : it consists of one good broad street, but the habi- 

 tations are mere sheds constructed in the slightest manner of mats and 

 sirkee, so as to be taken down on the first alarm of fire, which has 

 destroyed the place more than once, and is especially fatal here from 

 the furious gales which blow alternately up and down the river : they 

 are stocked with vast quantities of turmeric, &c. denoting a very consi- 

 derable traffic : and sold, I was informed at the following rates : — 



Peepla mor (Piper longum root) : 5 to 20 rupees per mun. 



Rooenee (Rottlera tinctoria powder) : 10 to 16 ditto. 



Lodh bark (Symplocos racemosa and paniculata.) 



Balchhur or Mashee (Valeriana Jatamansi, Spikenard) : 10 ditto. 



Sohaga (Borax), 10 ditto. 



Turmeric, A\ : Ginger 5 per mun. 



Ilachee (large Dotee Cardamoms) : 20 ditto. of 



Churayuta : 2 sorts, chiefly from the Thakil and other mountains 



Shor and Dotee — yellow root 4 ditto. 



dark root 2 ditto. 



Honey, Wax, Sunkhya and Hurtal, (from Tibet,) Kutki, (Picrorhiza), 

 Rhubarb, Meetha (Aconitum ferox), Nigala Bamboo, hawks, the Nepal 

 black Myna (from Dotee, each pair costing 5 rupees and paying 12 

 annas on crossing the river !) and a drug called Churmis, are also procu- 

 rable here : the latter seems to be a root, of the same nature as the 

 Aconite, but longer, thinner, and much curved : from these circum- 

 stances it would be identified with the Seengiya Bikh, but the druggists 

 say they are different, and the Churmis is attacked by insects. The 

 word comes from the Sanscrit Churmmu-kusha "destroying the skin." 



Most of the dealers here are from Peleebheet, which is a place of 

 much trade and importance, by their account. 



