10 Remarks on the Sequel to the [Jan. 



which Elian mentions as having horns large enough to contain three 

 amphorce* is evidently the Arnee or wild buffalo of India, which is 

 remarkable for the immense size of its horns. It is the animal described 

 by modern Naturalists under the name of the Gigantic or Taur-elephant 

 Arnee,f an appellation, which it happens singularly enough is synony- 

 mous with eX\<pavTa fiwcrapri, the latter being a compound of &<*<r and «/»/• 

 The Taur-elephant Arnee, which is also the quadruped referred to by 

 Marco Polo, was formerly a denizen of the forests of Ramghur, which, 

 together with Chota Nagpore, formed a part of the region of Dasaranya 

 or Dasarana of the Puranas, or the Desarene of the Periplus. The 



words, therefore, of the text, V ^(rap^vri x^P a 4>epov<ra iXecpavra r6v Xey6we- 



vov fraffapi) translated by Dr. Vincent " Desarene where, the ivory is pro- 

 cured of that species called Bosare," should be rendered Desarene where, 

 the elephant-sized animal is procured of that species or variety called 

 Bosare. 



The course or track of sailing after leaving Desarene, is described as 

 extending in a northerly direction along a line of coast inhabited by 

 various barbarous tribes, one of which styled Kirrhadae (KippaSai) is cha- 

 racterized as "a savage race with noses flattened to the face." The 

 Kirrhadse are regarded by some writers as a tribe of the " mountain and 

 jungle tracts of Orissa,"J but the well marked Indo-Chinese feature, 

 here ascribed to them, clearly indicates that they are a people of Eastern 

 India. Dr. Vincent considers them, as the Mughs of Arracan, but it 

 is more probable, that they are the Kiratas of the Puranas, and, that 

 like D&sarene, their country is here erroneously described by Arrian, 

 as bordering on the sea. In the Puranas they are designated " forest- 

 ers ;" "barbarians ;" " mountaineers" § — appellations which are under- 

 stood as referring to the inhabitants of the mountains of Eastern India. 

 In the Brahmakanda Purana they are described as " shepherds living 

 on the hills to the north-east of Bengal." || The Kiratas, who possess a 



* Cuvier's "Theory of the Earth," page 69. 



t " The Gigantic or Taur-elephant Arnee which appears to be a rare species, only 

 found single or in small families in the upper eastern provinces and forests at the 

 foot of the Himalaya, though formerly met in the Ramghur districts." (Cuvier's 

 Animal kingdom by Griffith's and others. Vol. IV. p. 389.) 



X Murray's Ency. Geograh. Part I. Book I. Chap. II. Sec. VII. 



§ Wilson's Translation of the Vishnu Purana, pages 175 and 190. 



|| Wilford's Essay on the Sacred Isles of the West. As. Res. Vol. VIII. p. 38. 



