480 Notes, chiefly Geological, from Gooty to Hydrabad. [May, 



Angular fragments of granite, gneiss, and hornblende schist sparingly 

 scattered among the pebbles of the lime-stone formation on the river 

 bank, attest the proximity of these rocks. 



Rectangular blocks of a greenish crystalline limestone with reddish 

 argillaceous, and arenaceous veins ; — imbedding iron pyrites in cubic 

 crystals. It is at first sight difficult to pronounce whether this rock is 

 hornblende schist, rendered calcareous by contact with the lime-stone, 

 or lime-stone which has taken up hornblende. I have little doubt that 

 these blocks are from the junction line of these two rocks. It effer- 

 vesces but feebly with acids. 



The Kistnah at Paugtoor. — The Moorish fort and pettah of Paug- 

 toor stand on the right bank of the Kistnah in the Nizam's territories, 

 the S. frontier of which has been just crossed about half a mile N. of 

 Kurnool. The bank here is formed by two perpendicular cliffs of light 

 bluish grey lime-stone, in nearly horizontal strata, divided by vertical 

 fissures from summit to base, like those in the sand-stone ranges of Gun- 

 dicota and Cuddapah. 



The Kistnah here does not appear broader than the Tumbuddra at 

 Kurnool, which, at the narrowest part between Raza and the fort, 

 measures exactly 616 yards from bank to bank. The river was filled 

 with the muddy freshes of the monsoon, and running, near Pangtoor 

 at the rate of about 24 inches per second. A velocity calculated 

 strong enough to transport pebbles the size of an inch in diameter ; 

 velocity, No. 6, of the scale laid down by the talented Secretary of the 

 Royal Geographical Society, — Col. Jackson. It is, however, clear 

 from an inspection of the size of some of the pebbles in the river's bed, 

 (some of which are as large as a hen's egg,) that the velocity must often 

 be increased to No. 7 of the scale ; or to 36 inches per second. The 

 temperature of the water is the same as that of the Tumbuddra (a foot 

 below surface), viz., 79° Faht. exceeding by one degree the average 

 temperature of rain-water in this part of the country. The temperature 

 in the shade at the time of observation 86° ; time, 2 p. m. 



A tumblerful of the muddy water deposited, after standing 6 hours, 

 T Vth of its bulk. The sediment was a fine reddish silt, which effervesced 

 with acid ; but is less calcareous than that of the Tumbuddra. The 

 reddish colour of the deposit brought down by the Kistnah, a river 

 which completely traverses the great overlying trap region, is worthy 



