Xll CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER V. page 



Glaciers in Other Parts of the World . . . 104-121 



In the Alps, 104 ; in Scandinavia, 106 ; in Spitzbergen, Franz-Josef Land, and Ice- 

 land, 107 ; in Asia, 107 ; in South America, 108 ; Darwin's Account, 109 ; in New 

 Zealand, 112 ; on the Antarctic Continent, 112 ; Icebergs of the Southern Ocean, 

 115 ; Croll's Inferences from the Size of these Bergs, 118 ; Shackleton's Expedition 

 to the Antarctic, 120. 



CHAPTER VI. 



Signs of Glaciation . 122-133 



Introductory Remarks, 122 ; Grooves and Scratches, 123 ; Sir Charles Lyell's Ob- 

 servations in Nova Scotia, 126 ; the Ground Moraine, or "Till," 129 ; Cause of its 

 being unstratified, 130 ; Sifting Power of Water, 131 ; Distribution of Bowl- 

 ders, 132. 



CHAPTER VII. 

 Boundary of the Glaciated Area in North America 134-193 



Confluent Character of the Ice-sheet, 134 ; Progress of Discovery, 134 ; Elements 

 determining the Amount of Glacial Deposition, 135 ; Counteracting Influence of 

 Subglaclal Streams, 136 ; Influences determining the Amount of Marginal De- 

 posits, 137 ; south of New England, 137 ; Interior Marginal Deposits, 139 ; 

 Long Island a Moraine, 140 ; Marginal Deposits across New Jersey, 140 ; Rela- 

 tion of Kettle-holes to the Moraines, 143 ; Marginal Deposits in Eastern Pennsyl- 

 vania, 144 ; Western NewYork and Pennsylvania, 149. 



CHAPTER VII (continued). 

 The Attenuated Border 151-166 



Line of, 153 ; Lake Williams, 153 ; Characterof Materialin, 154 ; Lake Lesley, 156 ; 

 Lake Allegheny, 158 ; Changes of Land-level, 160 ; Valleys of the Allegheny 

 River, Conewango Creek, and Ohio River, 161. 



CHAPTER VII (concluded). 

 The Glacial Boundary West of Pennsylvania . 167-193 



Marginal Deposits through Ohio, 167 ; Extension of the Ice into Kentucky, 170 ; 

 Course of the Boundary in Indiana and Illinois, 170 ; Boundary west of the Miss- 

 issippi, 172 ; west of the Rocky Mountains, 176 ; Ancient Glaciers in Southern 

 California, 179; Glacial Boundary north of Puget Sound, 183 ; near the Head- 

 waters of the Yukon, 190; Summary of Facts regarding the Pacific Coast, 190. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

 Depth of Ice during the Glacial Period . . 194-202 



Means of Estimating it, 194 ; Mountain Summits covered in New England, New 

 York, and Pennsylvania, 194 ; Depth estimated from the Distance moved, 199 ; 

 Slope of a Glacier, 201. 



