A MOXTH WITH TEE MUIR GLACIER. 



63 



them are uncovered to the roots ; some are washed wholly out 

 of the soil ; while others are still buried and standing upright, 

 in horizontal layers of fine sand and gravel, some with tops 

 projecting from a depth of twenty or thirty feet, others being 

 doubtless entirely covered. The roots of these trees are in a 

 compact, stiff clay stratum, blue in color, without grit, inter- 

 sected by numerous minute rootlets, and which is, in places, 

 twenty feet thick. There is also, occasionally, in this sub- 



Fig. 28.— Shows stumps of trees on east side of the glacial torrent. Note the line of sep- 

 aration between the enveloping sand and the soil in which the roots are imbedded. 

 A stump appears on the right, split in two. but one half standing. The gravel corre- 

 sponds in height with that on the west side. The glacier appears in the background 

 on the right. (From photograph, looking north.) 



stratum of clay, a small fragment of wood, as well as some 

 smooth pebbles from an inch to two feet in diameter. The 

 surface of this substratum is at this point 85 feet above the 

 inlet. The deposit of sand and gravel covering the forest 

 rises 115 feet higher, and is level-topped at that height, but 

 rising toward the north till it reaches the shoulder of the 

 mountain at an elevation of 300 feet. The trees are essen- 

 tially like those now growing on the Alaskan mountains. 

 Manv of them have been violentlv broken oh* from five to 



