PEEGLACIAL DRAWAGE. 301 



channel passes on the south side, under the lowlands on which 

 the city of Louisville is built. 



The tributaries of the Ohio exhibit the same phenomena. At 

 New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas county, the borings for salt-wells 

 show that the Tuscarawas is running one hundred and sev- 

 enty five feet above its ancient bed. The Beaver, at the junc- 

 tion of the Mahoning and Chenango, is flowing one hundred 

 and fifty feet above the bottom of its old trough, as is dem- 

 onstrated by a large number of oil-wells bored in the vicinity. 

 Oil Creek is shown by the same proofs to run from seventy- 

 five to one hundred feet above its old channel, and that chan- 

 nel had sometimes vertical and even overhanging walls.* 



Additional particulars of much interest concerning buried 

 channels in the Ohio are given by other geologists. For ex- 

 ample, Professor Joseph F. James presents cogent reasons 

 for believing that the northward bend of the Ohio River, now 

 culminating at Cincinnati, continued still farther north pre- 

 vious to the Glacial period, and extended through Mill Creek 

 up to join the valley of the Great Miami at Hamilton. He 

 supposes that the main stream then ran north of the city 

 through the valley in which Madison ville is situated. The 

 evidence of this is, that below Cincinnati, a short distance, 

 the present river flows, beyond all doubt, over bedded rock 

 between Price Hill and Ludlow, Ky. ; while borings show 

 that up Mill Creek several miles the bed-rock lies certainly 

 thirty-four feet below low-water mark, while at Hamilton, 

 twenty-live miles north of Cincinnati, the preglacial valley 

 is found to be filled up to a depth of more than two hundred 

 feet, and the bed rock lies ninety-one feet below low-water 

 mark in the Ohio at Cincinnati.f 



Mr. M. C. Read, among other numerous references to 

 buried channels, describes one in Knox county, east of Gam- 

 bier, in the valley now occupied by Owl Creek, where the 



* "Geological Survey of Ohio," vol. ii, pp. 13, 14. 



f " Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History," July to October, 

 1888, pp. 96-101, and a subsequent personal communication. 



