302 THE ICE AGE IN NORTH AMERICA. 



bed-rock lies eighty-two feet below the bottom of the present 

 stream. West of Mount Liberty, in the same county, the 

 drift conceals an old gorge two hundred and eighty-five feet 

 deep.* Mr. P. Max Eoshay, in a paper before the American 

 Association for the Advancement of Science, in 1888, gives 

 many reasons for supposing that Beaver Creek, which now 

 empties into the Ohio, was connected by a buried channel 

 with Grand River, emptying into Lake Erie at Painesville, 

 and hence that a still larger portion of the upper Ohio drain- 

 age than was supposed by Mr. Carll passed into the St. Law- 

 rence Yalley. This suggestion was first made by Professor 

 Spencer and indicated on one of his maps over twenty years 

 ago. 



Every day is demonstrating that the present level appear- 

 ance of the surface of the northwestern portion of Ohio is 

 due to the extensive deposits of the Glacial period, whose 

 effect has not been so much to make the hills low as to exalt 

 the valleys. Professor Orton long ago called attention to the 

 numerous buried channels near Springfield in Clarke county, 

 one of which is occupied by the New York, Pennsylvania, 

 and Ohio Railroad.:]: The extensive explorations for stores 

 of gas and oil now in progress in the western part of Ohio 

 and the eastern part of Indiana are bringing to light buried 

 channels in most unexpected places, that at St. Paris, Cham- 

 paign county, being more than five hundred feet deep. This 

 is an extreme case, but it illustrates what a network of pre- 

 glacial gorges have been plastered up by the ice-movement 

 which passed over the region. The country resembles, on a 

 large scale, a checked and worm-eaten plank which a carpen- 

 ter has filled with putty. 



One of the first effects of this filling up of the preglacial 

 channels has been so to change the lines of superficial drain- 

 age, in a great multitude of instances, that the streams are 

 now made to run over rocky beds at levels far higher than 



* ' 'Geological Survey of Ohio," vol. iii, pp. 325-347. 

 t "Geological Survey of Ohio," vol. i, pp. 450-480. 



