KAMES. 351 



to the north end of the lake, and had also learned of its ex- 

 istence on the south end. Wishing to ascertain whether the 

 kame was continuous to the other end, he inquired of the 

 lumbermen who are in the habit of " warping " rafts of logs 

 through the lake whether there was not a line of shoal water 

 through it. But none of them had become aware of any such 

 shallow line.* On asking them, however, if the anchorage 

 was equally good at all places in the lake, they at once re- 

 plied that it was not ; that at certain places the bottom was 

 gravelly, and the anchors would not hold. Upon asking what 

 they did in such an event, they replied that all they had to 

 do was to take the anchor to one side or the other, when usu- 

 ally there was no difficulty in finding a good bottom. The 

 explanation, to Professor Stone's mind, of this state of things 

 was, that the gravelly places of poor anchorage were along 

 the line of the kame, and, by asking the lumbermen to mark 

 upon the map the places where the anchor was in the habit 

 of dragging, and which they were compelled to avoid, he 

 was able to trace the kame from one end of the lake to the 

 other. 



Instances like this, of the indifference of the kames to 

 the minor irregularities of the slopes of the valleys in which 

 they are situated, are frequent. One worthy of special note 

 is found in the valley extending from Wakefield, Carroll 

 county, N. H., northward to Ossipee Lake. In this case 

 two kame systems meet each other in the depression of the 

 lake, having slowly descended for many miles, the one from 

 the north and the other from the south. The explanation 

 is that the outlet of Ossipee Lake is to the east, joining the 

 Saco River at Cornish. Evidently this drainage-channel 

 through the ice was opened while the ice still filled the 

 southern part of Carroll county as far south as the head- 



* The process of warping rafts is as follows : An anchor is taken out some 

 distance ahead of the raft and dropped upon the bottom ; whereupon a wind- 

 lass upon the raft connected with a rope that is fastened to the anchor is turned, 

 and the raft is thus slowly drawn to the point over which the anchor is caught, 

 when the anchor is raised and again taken forward, to have the process repeated. 



