494 THE ICE AGE IN NORTH AMERICA. 



south pole. This was indicated by the fact just mentioned 

 that they increased in thickness from north to south, as they 

 do in the pleistocene glacial deposits of North America, 

 though on different sides of the equator. But more decisive 

 evidence appears in the direction of the scratches on the under- 

 lying rock, which is from northwest to southeast; and from 

 the bowlders which have all been transported in the same 

 direction. 



In. India also the ice movement of the permo-carbonif- 

 erous period was from the equator northward, toward the 

 pole, in some cases bowlders having been transported 750 

 miles in that direction. 



Other indications of a permo-carboniferous period have 

 been reported by Karpinsky and Tchernyschev in the Ural 

 Mountains, and by Ramsay in England, but no one has 

 discovered clear evidences of such deposits in America. 



With reference to these deposits it is significantly remarked 

 by Professor Coleman that " as in the pleistocene, there seems 

 to have been an impressive grouping of the great ice-sheets 

 in a special quarter, this time in the neighborhood of the 

 present Indian Ocean; and their nearness to the equator, on 

 low ground and reaching to the sea, makes it all the more 

 puzzling that so little evidence of glacial work should be 

 found in higher latitudes." 



