MAN AND THE LAVA BEDS. 697 



high by nine inches across, and is made of the hardest granite. 

 Pestles were found in this deposit often enough to cause no 

 surprise. In 1901 another mortar with some pestles had been 

 found ten feet under the surface and about 300 yards from this 

 in the same "pay dirt."* 



Fig. 195— McTarnahan Mortar from under Table Mountain 



We omit mention of a large number of human remains 

 found at great depths in the ancient higher-level gravel where 

 not covered with lava, though some of them are doubtless of 

 the same age with those from under Table Mountain. 



According to Professor Whitney, the evidence " all 

 points in one direction, and there has never been any at- 

 tempt made to pass off on any member of the Survey any- 

 thing out of keeping or, so to speak, out of harmony with 

 what has been already found, or might be expected to be 

 found. It has always been the same kind of implements 

 which have been exhibited to us — namely, the coarsest and 

 the least finished which one would suppose could be made, 

 and still be implements at all." This result, he cogently re- 

 marks, would hardly be possible where so many parties are 

 concerned in furnishing the evidence, if the objects were not 

 genuine, and shows to his mind that the evidence has not 

 been got up to deceive. 



As might be expected, strenuous efforts have been made 

 to discredit these facts. With reference to the Calaveras 

 skull, we read in Dr. SouthalPs "Recent Origin of Man" 

 (p. 558) that " Dr. Andrews inform* is [Dr. Southall] that 

 the Rev. R. W. Patterson, D. D., of Chicago, tells him that 



* "Records of the Past" vol. v, June, 1906, pp. 190-191. 



