1845.] Diluvial and Wave Translation Theories. 233 



there appears no necessity for introducing the action of glaciers to ac- 

 count for their presence, which I have explained in detail elsewhere.* 



Furrows and parallel Strice. On and near the tops of the diamond 

 limestone ranges of Pycut Puspulah, and Yairypilly — not far from the 

 granite junction near Gooty, I have seen the surface of the rock tra- 

 versed by furrows, having a common direction of N. by E., resembling 

 those attributed to the action of glaciers ; but in Europe even, where 

 these marks are so numerous, the opinions regarding their origin have 

 been latterly so conflicting, that their unsupported testimony may be 

 regarded as much in favour of the diluvialist or of the advocate of the 

 waves of translation, as of the glacialist and icebergian. 



I have since had opportunities of carefully examining the grooves 

 which cover the surfaces of the diamond limestone rocks near the 

 caves of Billa Soorgum, Kurnool frontier, and on the summits of the 

 hills between Dhone and Yeldroog in the Bellary district. 



The limestone slabs in these localities dip slightly towards the east, 

 and are in some places completely scored with furrows, which observe 

 a parallelism over confined spaces. These furrows vary from the 

 size of a goose quill in diameter to two inches, and are often separated 

 by scabrous sharp edged ridges. They are often traversed by others 

 at oblique and right angles so close together that the dividing ridges 

 are cut up into a number of pointed cones, or pyramids. 



It is quite evident from the sharpness of the edges and points of the 

 ridges, that the grooves were not formed by the passage of gravel moved 

 under the enormous weight of a glacier. The interior of the furrows 

 has frequently to the eye a smooth apparently water- worn surface ; 

 but if the point of the finger be moved gently along the bottom, it will 

 often be found to undulate. These undulations have been caused 

 evidently by the wearing down of the lips which formerly separated 

 the now continuous trough into a chain of oval or spheroidal cavities 

 exactly resembling in miniature the chains of rock basins worn in the 

 granite and gneiss of the Toombuddra. 



Like them the majority of these furrows are attributable to watery 

 erosion. They occur usually on the lines of almost imperceptible 

 fissures in the rock-like vallies of erosion thus. (See Plate, No. III. J 



* Vide Proceedings of Geological Society, 1841-2. 



