1845.] Rough Notes on the Zoology of Candahar. 341 



October, flitting about in crowds in the twilight hours of evening ; 

 they shelter during the day in holes of houses, walls, and rocks. 



The larger kind I have only seen occasionally on the wing, and 

 never possessed a specimen. There is said to be another large kind 

 found in the limestone caverns which occur in the mountains, but I 

 suspect it to be the same. 



No. 2. Felts tigris. Is said to occur in the jungles of Bhawulpore 

 along the banks of the Sutledge, but I saw no traces of it. In the 

 lower parts of the country, towards Scindh, I do not think it occurs. 

 It is not in Afghanistan. 2 



No. 3. Felt's leo. Is said to occur in some parts of Afghanistan ; but 



2. According to Elphinstone, Tigers are to be met with in most of the woody parts 

 of Afghanistan : and Mr. Vigne remarks that the Tiger is " said to be well known" upon 

 the Sufyd koh mountain. Sir John McNeill saw one killed in Persia, at the foot of the 

 Elboorz mountains, near the Caspian ; and Morier states that it occurs in the vicinity 

 of Tabreez, mentioning that he saw the skin of one that had been killed there a short 

 time previously. Old Tournefort relates that the middle region, and even the borders 

 of the snow limit, of Ararat, are inhabited by Tigers(?). He says that he saw them 

 within 100 yards of him, and that the young are caught in traps by the people round the 

 mountain, to be exhibited in shows of wild beasts throughout Persia. At Grusia, at 

 the foot of Caucasus, a large one is mentioned by Kotzebue, and supposed by him to 

 have been driven by hunger from the plain of Baghdad. Mons. Menetries (I think, for 

 I have neglected to cite the authority in my note-book, ) relates that — " During our stay 

 at Lenkowa, L had the good fortune to obtain a Tiger that had been killed only fifteen 

 versts off. It did not appear to differ from the Bengal Tiger, even in the skull. It 

 appears, as I subsequently learned, that one at least is killed every year in the vicinity, 

 having been pursued perhaps by hunters, till it sought refuge in the neighbouring forests 

 of the Kour. It is not, 1 believe, found in Caucasus, the skins sent thence to Europe 

 having probably been brought from Georgia, whence those of Leopards are also sent." Lt. 

 Irwin states, that the Tiger is found as far as Tashkund, but in that temperate climate 

 he falls much short of the Bengal Tiger in strength and ferocity. Burnes also speaks 

 of " Tigers of a diminutive species," found in the valley of the Oxus ; and Humboldt 

 and Ehrenberg observed them so high as the latitude of Berlin : they are said to occur 

 even on the banks of the Oby : and Du Halde speaks of them as common in Tartary and 

 China. In Japan they are stated to be covered with a thick coat of long soft fur. In 

 the Himalaya they reach to an elevation of 8,000 feet, but are rare as far north as 

 Simla, and they are said to be smaller in the N. W. provinces than in Bengal. Dr. 

 McClelland affirms that they are a great scourge to the inhabitants of Kemaon. Re- 

 ferring, however, to the more western portion of the range of this animal, and even to 

 the northern, it is necessary to be on guard against the frequent misapplication of the 

 name Tiger, which, in South Africa, for instance, invariably applies to the Leopard, 

 and in S. America to the Jaguar; in Van Dieman's Land even to the marsupial Thyla- 

 cin : and with respect to a remark above cited, referring to Leopard skins being brought 

 from Georgia to the Caucasus, it may be noticed that Guldenstadt describes the Leopard 

 to inhabit the rocky parts of Caucasus, chiefly to the south, about Tiflis ; being of rare 

 occurrence to the northward.— Cur. As. Soc. 



