402 Notes, principally Geological, [No. 162. 



apparently marly, a mile in width, through which a slender crys- 

 tal stream of water threads its way towards the sea. In front 

 of the temple gates stands a granite slab, bearing a Sassanam, or in- 

 scription, in Nagri and Telugoo, almost buried in drifted sand. The 

 emblems of eternity, (or rather durability) — the sun and moon — were 

 engraven on the corners above the inscription. The priests of the 

 temple are brahmans of the Smartal sect, whose Suami or bishop is the 

 powerful Sencra Bharti. The remains of an old aqueduct are seen 

 at a little distance from the Sungum. The village itself contains 

 about 400 houses, though it appears formerly to have been a place of 

 greater wealth : a few cotton cloths are manufactured here. The staple 

 articles of cultivation are rice, baggi, or juari, and a little indigo. 



Temperature of the Pennaur river. The temperature of the water 

 in the Pennaur was 77-3°; of the springs 78.2° at 4 p. m. Tempera- 

 ture in open air at the time 82°. 



From the Pennaur to Jummaveram and Copper district of Gany. 

 penta. Leaving the North bank of the Pennaur at Sungum, the road 

 lay in a N. by W. direction to Jummawdram, or Jummaveram, 

 distant about ten miles from Sungum. The rocks here are still the 

 hypogene schists, chiefly garnetiferous hornblende schist, and gneiss, 

 with large veins of whitish quartz, the fragments of which are scattered 

 over the uncultivated surface of the plain. The soil is reddish, both 

 sandy and clayey, and rests either on a substratum of kunker and 

 detritus of rock, or on the rock itself. Two out of the four wells at 

 Jummaveram are saline. 



The hypogene schists penetrated by trap and granite, extend from 

 Jummaveram to Ganypenta or Gurumanipenta, a village about 

 twenty-three miles N. N. W. from Jummaveram, about thirty, three 

 miles North of the Pennaur about the same distance from the sea, and 

 about twenty-eight miles from the base of the Eastern Ghauts. 



This village is situated in the midst of the copper mining localities 

 described in a paper published by the Royal Asiatic Society in their 

 Journal. 



From Ganypenta to the E. Ghauts. Proceeding from Gurumani- 

 penta in a S. W. direction towards the entrance of the Dorenal Pass 

 over the Eastern Ghauts, the surface of the great plain hitherto travel- 

 led over becomes more rugged and broken up by rocky elevations, 



