406 Notes, principally Geological, £ No. 162. 



of a stream that flows from the neighbouring Ghauts southerly along 

 their base into the Pennaur, called the Conda Nulla. On a ridge over- 

 looking the tank stands the trigonometrical survey station of Mookan- 

 doo. The soil is alluvial and reddish, with calcareous matter inter- 

 mixed, resting usually on a thick substratum of kunker imbedding 

 nodular brown iron ore and fragments of the subjacent and adjacent 

 rocks, viz. slaty argillaceous limestone and sandstone. The cultivation 

 is solely of that description termed Moongari and garden. The aspect 

 of the country at this western base of the Ghauts is at first undulating 

 and picturesque, the undulations merging to the westward in the 

 great regur plains of Dhoor and Cuddapah. The clumps and 

 groves of shady tamarind trees, with which its surface is studded in 

 the sub-ghaut plains, give it a park-like aspect. The ruins of a small 

 fort, with the remains of a large cavalier in the centre, stand close to 

 the village, and are said to have been built by one of the Cuddapah 

 Nawabs. 



Jummulmudgoo. Crossing the great plain of Dhoor, which is based 

 on the diamond limestone, and divided by the Koond river, which 

 runs Southerly down its centre to the Pennaur at Camlapoor, the 

 large village of Jummulmudgoo is reached. It stands on the left 

 bank of the Pennaur a little to the East of the emergence of this river 

 from the gorge of the Gundicotta hills, which form the Western lip 

 to the Pennaur basin, girt in on the South by the Wontimetta and 

 Foolvaimla ranges, and to the East by the Eastern Ghauts, through 

 which it escapes to the sea by the transverse break of Sidhout. The 

 approximate height of this basin above the sea towards its centre, as 

 indicated by the boiling point, is H00 feet. 



The rock in the bed of the Pennaur and on which the village stands, 

 is the blue variety of limestone above mentioned, often approaching 

 French grey in lightness of colour ; it dips slightly towards the E. or 

 N. of E. The village is rather noted for the brilliancy and perma- 

 nency of its dyes, which are fixed by washing and steeping the cotton 

 printed cloths in a saline well, the water of which rises up from the 

 limestone in the heart of the village. The surface of the water was 

 thirty, two and a half feet below that of the ground, owing to the dry 

 season ; its temperature three feet below the surface 73°, a lowness 

 ascribable to the constant evaporation caused on the surface and sides 



