1845.] across the Peninsula of Southern India. 407 



by the washing and the drying of cloths. Temperature of air in the 

 shade at 5 p. m. 85°. The principal saline ingredient, if I may judge 

 from the incrustations in the fissures and seams from which the water 

 springs, is muriate of soda. Many of the seams are occupied by a greyish 

 friable earth consisting of disintegrated limestone mingled with this 

 saline residue left after evaporation of the water. 



There is another brackish well in the town, but it does' not answer 

 the purpose of the native dyers so well as this, The water of the 

 other well is perfectly sweet. One which I visited between the saline 

 spring and the river, lies at the depth of twenty- three feet from the 

 surface, with a temperature of 75°, six and a half feet below the surface. 

 The time has now passed when the occurrence of common salt, the 

 mineral chloride of sodium of chemists, in distant regions was held to 

 be sufficient evidence of the existence there of the new red sandstone. 

 It occurs in the oldest stratified rocks of America, in the coal measures 

 of England, the lias of Switzerland, and all over the hypogene and 

 granitic area of South India. 



Jummulmudgoo contains about 3,000 inhabitants, the greater por- 

 tion of whom are Kunbis speaking Telinghi, a language which con- 

 tinues from Nellore to about the vicinity of Gooty and Kurnool, 

 where it meets the Canarese of the Western provinces, and near Beder 

 on the N. W. with the Mahratta. I found that it meets with the 

 Tamul of Madras and the Southern provinces at Sriharicotta, a vil- 

 lage about fifty miles North of Madras, near the old limits of the 

 Andra-des, or Telinghi country, and the Dravidame-des. Jummul- 

 mudgoo was formerly a place of some importance under the Anna- 

 gundi or Bijanugger princes, and the Chetvail rajahs. It subsequent- 

 ly shared the same fate as the rest of their dominions South of the 

 Tumbuddra. It is the burial place of Sidi Miyan, brother of Halim 

 Khan, Nuwab of Cuddapah in Hyder's time. Funeral rites in 

 memory of him were performed during my encampment here. The 

 remains of the Diwan-khanah and palace of the Cuddapah rulers, 

 and a small fort without a ditch, still exist. 



Pass of Gundicotta. Previous to describing the defile through 

 which the Pennaur flows Easterly from the plain of Tarputri into that 

 of Cuddapah, it will be right to mention that the ridge, through 



